Atrial septal defect ostium secundum
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [[2]]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[4]]
Overview
During fetal development, the septal wall may fail to fuse causing an atrial septal defect to arise. An ostium secundum atrial septal defect is one such type of malformation arising from the irregular development of the foramen ovale, septum secundum or septum primum. It is the most common type of atrial septal defect.
Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
1.The ostium secundum atrial septal defect is the most common type of atrial septal defect.
2.Accounts for 60%-70% of ASDs
3. Comprises 6-10% of all congenital heart diseases.
4. Arises from an enlarged foramen ovale, inadequate growth of the septum secundum, or excessive absorption of the septum primum.
5. 10 to 20 %of individuals with ostium secundum ASDs also have mitral valve prolapse .[1]
6.Most individuals with an uncorrected secundum ASD don't have significant symptoms through early adulthood.
7. About 70% develop symptoms by the time they are in their 40s.
8. Symptoms are typically decreased exercise tolerance, easy fatigueability, palpitations, and syncope.
9.Complications of an uncorrected secundum ASD include pulmonary hypertension, right-sided heart failure, atrial fibrillation or flutter, stroke, and Eisenmenger's syndrome.
10.While pulmonary hypertension is unusual before 20 years of age, it is seen in 50% of individuals above the age of 40.
11. Progression to Eisenmenger's syndrome occurs in 5 to 10% of individuals late in the disease process.
Echocardiography and Ostium Secundum Defects
Treatment
Surgical Repair
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbQhiv6OB0E
References
- ↑ Leachman R, Cokkinos D, Cooley D (1976). "Association of ostium secundum atrial septal defects with mitral valve prolapse". Am J Cardiol. 38 (2): 167–9. PMID 952260.