Atrial septal defect ostium secundum
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [[2]]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[4]]
Overview
During fetal development, the septal wall may fail to fuse causing an atrial septal defect to arise. An ostium secundum atrial septal defect is one such type of malformation arising from the irregular development of the foramen ovale, septum secundum or septum primum. It is the most common type of atrial septal defect.
Image showing ostium secundum atrial septal defect
Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
- The septum secundum is semilunar in shape. It grows downward from the upper wall of the atrium immediately to the right of the primary septum and foramen ovale. Shortly after birth it fuses with the primary septum, and by this means the foramen ovale is closed, but sometimes the fusion is incomplete and the upper part of the foramen remains patent. The limbus fossae ovalis denotes the free margin of the septum secundum. The ostium secundum (or foramen secundum) is a foramen in the septum primum. It should not be confused with the foramen ovale, which is a foramen in the septum secundum. It can arises from an enlarged foramen ovale, inadequate growth of the septum secundum, or excessive absorption of the septum.
- Most of the times it occur sporadically. However, they have been found to occur with increased incidences in some genetic disorders like, the Holt-Oram (heart-hand) syndrome, Down syndrome, Noonan syndrome,Treacher Collins syndrome, and the thrombocytopenia-absent radii (TAR) syndrome.
- Most individuals with an uncorrected secundum ASD don't have significant symptoms through early adulthood.
- About 70% develop symptoms by the time they are in their 40s.
- 10 to 20 %of individuals with ostium secundum ASDs also have mitral valve prolapse .[1]
- It is the commonest type of atrial septal defect and accounts 60%-70% of all ASDs.
- It comprises 6-10% of all congenital heart diseases.
Echocardiography in Ostium Secundum Defects
Video showing surgical repair of ostium secundum and the integration of fluoroscopy and 3D TEE
Video showing surgical repair of ostium secundum defects
External links
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References
- ↑ Leachman R, Cokkinos D, Cooley D (1976). "Association of ostium secundum atrial septal defects with mitral valve prolapse". Am J Cardiol. 38 (2): 167–9. PMID 952260.