Mitral Stenosis Etiology
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.
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Etiology of Mitral Stenosis (MS)
Congenital Mitral Stenosis: This is a rare entity which includes the following:
- hypoplasia of mitral valve annulus which is considered part of the spectrum of hypoplastic left heart syndrome,
- mitral valve commissural fusion,
- double orifice mitral valve,
- thickened chordae tendinae, and
- Shone's syndrome which consists a set of four cardiac defects:
- parachute mitral valve,
- supra-valve mitral membrane (SVMM),
- sub-aortic stenosis,
- coarctation of the aorta,
Acquired Mitral Stenosis:
- Rheumatic heart disease: MS is synonymous with rheumatic fever which occurs as a complication of group A streptococcal infection in genetically susceptible individuals.
- Prosthetic mitral valve
- Mitral valve obstruction from left atrial myxoma
- Mitral annular calcification