Cardiology overview congenital heart disease

Cardiology Overview
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Acute Coronary Syndromes
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Cardiomyopathy
Congenital heart disease
Electrophysiology
Heart failure
Hypertension
Imaging
Invasive cardiology
Pericardial disease
Peripheral arterial disease
Pharmacology
Pregnancy
Preoperative evaluation
Prevention
Pulmonary hypertension
Stable angina
Valvular heart disease
Venous thromboembolism

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Atrial Septal Defect

Treatment

• An atrial septal occluder device can be used. There can be migration or erosion of the device so follow-up is warranted.

Coarctaion

• May be associated with bicuspid aortic stenosis
• Imaging follow-up is recommended to look for aneurysm formation.

Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy

• Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is associated with an increase in the pCO2 due to a reduction in ventilation.

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)

Treatment

• In the PFO patient who has had their first cryptogenic stroke, the treatment of choice as aspirin.
• The benefit of PFO closure is not well established
• The benefit of Coumadin in the patient with PFO is not well established, and this therapy should be reserved for those patients with atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism.

Ventricular Septal Defect

• Small in size defects do not require repair.