Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization
Aortic Regurgitation Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Acute Aortic regurgitation |
Chronic Aortic regurgitation |
Special Scenarios |
Case Studies |
Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Aortic insufficiency cardiac catheterization |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S., Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.
Overview
The use of angiography in assessment of aortic insufficiency is limited because of convenience and non-invasive merits of echocardiogram. Nevertheless, following parameters can be assessed:
- Number of leaflets of aortic valve
- Motion abnormalities of leaflets
- A semiquantitative assessment of the severity of regurgitation
- Left ventricular size and systolic function (ejection fraction)
- Aortic root diameter and other associated disorders such as dissection.
Performance of Aortography
The pigtail catheter is placed a few centimeters above the aortic root. The image intensifier is place in the 45 degree left anterior oblique view with no cranial or caudal angulation. Usually a total of 40 to 50 cc of dye is injected with approximately 20 cc administered every second. You should tell the patient that they can expect a warm feeling throughout their body.
Grading Aortic Insufficiency
The grade of aortic insufficiency is based on the opacification of the left ventricle 2 complete cardiac cycles after injection compared to that of the aortic root.
Grade 1
Brief and incomplete ventricular opacification. Clears rapidly.
Grade 2
Moderate opacification of the ventricle that clears in less that 2 cycles. Never greater than aortic root opacification.
<googlevideo>2835396102193538399&hl=en</googlevideo> 2+ AI Marfan Syndrome
Grade 3
Opacification of the ventricle equal to aortic root opacification within 2 cycles. Delayed clearing of ventricle over several cycles.
<googlevideo>-7844772248158567311&hl=en</googlevideo> 3+ AI
Grade 4
Opacification of the ventricle almost immediately that is greater than that of the aortic root with delayed clearing of the ventricle.
<googlevideo>1323435585463870537&hl=en</googlevideo> 4+ AI