Aortic sclerosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Aortic sclerosis is non-obstructive degeneration of the aortic valve that presents predominantly in patients over 65 years of age who have risk factors for coronary artery disease. Because aortic sclerosis is associated with coronary artery disease risk factors, it is also associated with a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction even in the absence of hemodynamically significant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.[1][2][3]
Demographics
Age
Aortic sclerosis commonly affects the elderly population aged above 65 years.[4][3][2][1]
Based on a large cohort study,[2] that enrolled 5201 subjects aged 65 years or above demonstrated among patients aged 75 years and above, aortic sclerosis was present in ~37% patients while aortic stenosis was seen only in 2.6% patients.[5]
Based on another study that evaluated 425 patients with a mean age of 68 +/- 15 years, presenting to the emergency room with chest pain, an higher rate of aortic sclerosis was identified (~49%).[6]
Although rare, the prevalence of aortic sclerosis has been observed in middle-aged patients with an increase incidence observed as age advances.[7][8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lindroos M, Kupari M, Heikkilä J, Tilvis R (1993). "Prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities in the elderly: an echocardiographic study of a random population sample". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 21 (5): 1220–5. PMID 8459080. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, Gardin JM, Gottdiener JS, Smith VE, Kitzman DW, Otto CM (1997). "Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 29 (3): 630–4. PMID 9060903. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Otto CM, Lind BK, Kitzman DW, Gersh BJ, Siscovick DS (1999). "Association of aortic-valve sclerosis with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the elderly". The New England Journal of Medicine. 341 (3): 142–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM199907153410302. PMID 10403851. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Freeman RV, Otto CM (2005). "Spectrum of calcific aortic valve disease: pathogenesis, disease progression, and treatment strategies". Circulation. 111 (24): 3316–26. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.486738. PMID 15967862. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Aronow WS, Ahn C, Shirani J, Kronzon I (1999). "Comparison of frequency of new coronary events in older subjects with and without valvular aortic sclerosis". The American Journal of Cardiology. 83 (4): 599–600, A8. PMID 10073870. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Chandra HR, Goldstein JA, Choudhary N, O'Neill CS, George PB, Gangasani SR, Cronin L, Marcovitz PA, Hauser AM, O'Neill WW (2004). "Adverse outcome in aortic sclerosis is associated with coronary artery disease and inflammation". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 43 (2): 169–75. PMID 14736432. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Taylor HA, Clark BL, Garrison RJ, Andrew ME, Han H, Fox ER, Arnett DK, Samdarshi T, Jones DW (2005). "Relation of aortic valve sclerosis to risk of coronary heart disease in African-Americans". The American Journal of Cardiology. 95 (3): 401–4. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.09.043. PMID 15670554. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stritzke J, Linsel-Nitschke P, Markus MR, Mayer B, Lieb W, Luchner A, Döring A, Koenig W, Keil U, Hense HW, Schunkert H (2009). "Association between degenerative aortic valve disease and long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors: results of the longitudinal population-based KORA/MONICA survey". European Heart Journal. 30 (16): 2044–53. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp287. PMID 19608594. Retrieved 2012-04-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)