Tetanus historical perspective
Tetanus Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Tetanus historical perspective On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Tetanus historical perspective |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Tetanus historical perspective |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Although records from antiquity (5th century BCE) contain clinical descriptions of tetanus, it was Carle and Rattone in 1884 who first produced tetanus in animals by injecting them with pus from a fatal human tetanus case. During the same year, Nicolaier produced tetanus in animals by injecting them with samples of soil. In 1889, Kitasato isolated the organism from a human victim, showed that it produced disease when injected into animals, and reported that the toxin could be neutralized by specific antibodies. In 1897, Nocard demonstrated the protective effect of passively transferred antitoxin, and passive immunization in humans was used for treatment and prophylaxis during World War I. Tetanus toxoid was developed by Descombey in 1924. It was first widely used during World War II.