HIV AIDS and pregnancy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overivew
About 120,000 to 160,000 women in the United States are infected with HIV. Nearly one out of four of these women are unaware of their disease, which puts them at high risk of passing the virus to their babies. Mother-to-child transmission is the most common way children become infected with HIV. Nearly all AIDS cases in U.S. children are because of mother-to-child transmission.
Epidemiology
According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 19.2 million women are living with HIV/AIDS throughout the world. In many countries, the rate of HIV infection in women is rising faster than in any other group.
Mother to child transmission
- Not all women who have HIV will give it to their children. Without treatment or breastfeeding about 25% (1 in 4) of pregnant women with HIV will transmit the virus to their babies.
- HIV transmission is reduced from 25% to less than 2% in women taking ART before and during birth, and if their babies are given therapy after birth. Before the current ART era, each year in the United States alone, approximately 2000 babies were infected with HIV. Despite increasing HIV prevalence, the HIV infected infants are approximately 300 per year.[1]
Related Chapters
Reference
- ↑ Brinkman K, ter Hofstede HJ, Burger DM, Smeitink JA, Koopmans PP (1998). "Adverse effects of reverse transcriptase inhibitors: mitochondrial toxicity as common pathway". AIDS. 12 (14): 1735–44. PMID 9792373. Retrieved 2012-06-11. Unknown parameter
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