Acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Acute myeloid leukemia is a relatively rare cancer. There are approximately 10,500 new cases each year in the United States, and the incidence rate has remained stable from 1995 through 2005. AML accounts for 1.2% of all cancer deaths in the United States.
The incidence of AML increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 63 years. AML accounts for about 90% of all acute leukemias in adults, but is rare in children.[1] The rate of therapy-related AML (that is, AML caused by previous chemotherapy) is rising; therapy-related disease currently accounts for about 10–20% of all cases of AML.[2] AML is slightly more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1.[3]
There is some geographic variation in the incidence of AML. In adults, the highest rates are seen in North America, Europe, and Oceania, while adult AML is rarer in Asia and Latin America.[4][5] In contrast, childhood AML is less common in North America and India than in other parts of Asia.[6] These differences may be due to population genetics, environmental factors, or a combination of the two.
A hereditary risk for AML appears to exist. There are numerous reports of multiple cases of AML developing in a family at a rate higher than predicted by chance alone.[7][8][9][10] The risk of developing AML is increased threefold in first-degree relatives of patients with AML.[11]
References
- ↑
- ↑ Leone G, Mele L, Pulsoni A, et al: The incidence of secondary leukemias. Haematologica 84:937, 1999. PMID 10509043
- ↑ Greenlee RT, Hill-Harmon MB, Murray T, et al: Cancer statistics, 2001 erratum appears in CA Cancer J Clin 2001 Mar-Apr;51(2):144. CA Cancer J Clin 2001;51:15–36. PMID 11577478
- ↑ Linet MS: The leukemias: Epidemiologic aspects. In Lilienfeld AM (ed): Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics. New York, Oxford University Press, 1985, p I.
- ↑ Aoki K, Kurihars M, Hayakawa N, et al: Death Rates for Malignant Neoplasms for Selected Sites by Sex and Five-Year Age Group in 33 Countries 1953–57 to 1983–87. Nagoya, Japan, University of Nagoya Press, International Union Against Cancer, 1992.
- ↑ Bhatia S, Neglia JP: Epidemiology of childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 17:94, 1995. PMID 7749772
- ↑ Taylor GM, Birch JM: The hereditary basis of human leukemia. In Henderson ES, Lister TA, Greaves MF (eds): Leukemia, 6th ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1996, p 210.
- ↑ Horwitz M, Goode EL, Jarvik GP: Anticipation in familial leukemia. Am J Hum Genet 59:990, 1996. PMID 8900225
- ↑ Crittenden LB: An interpretation of familial aggregation based on multiple genetic and environmental factors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 91:764, 1978. PMID 13696504
- ↑ Horowitz M: The genetics of familial leukemia. Leukemia 11:1345, 1997
- ↑ Gunz FW, Veale AM: Leukemia in close relatives: Accident or predisposition. J Natl Cancer Inst 42:517, 1969. PMID 4180615