Unconsciousness

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: LOC: non responsive; unresponsive; non-responsive; non-responsiveness; unresponsiveness; lack of responsiveness

Overview

Unconsciousness, more appropriately referred to as loss of consciousness or lack of consciousness, is a dramatic alteration of mental state that involves complete or near-complete lack of responsiveness to people and other environmental stimuli.

Causes

• Alcohol
• Brownout or greyout, a partial loss of consciousness
• Cardiac arrest
• Coma
• Fainting
• Fatigue
• Hypnotic drugs
• Sedatives
• Shallow water blackout
• Stroke
• Syncope
• Traumatic brain injury

Acute Chemical poisoning -- Varnish makers' and painters' Naptha - unconsciousness

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis - unconsciousness

Acute kidney failure - unconsciousness

Acute Pesticide poisoning -- xylene - unconsciousness

Advanced circadian rhythm disorder - reduced alertness

Airway Obstruction - unconsciousness

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Alcohol-Induced Disorders - unconsciousness

Alcoholic intoxication - unconsciousness

Alcoholism - unconsciousness

Altitude sickness, acute

Ambien overdose - unconsciousness

Amitriptyline

Amitriptyline toxicity - unconsciousness

Amoxapine toxicity - unconsciousness

Anemia - unconsciousness

Anencephaly - unconsciousness

Anoxia - unconsciousness

Antihypertensive drug allergy - unconsciousness

Antipsychotic agents

Apallic syndrome - unresponsive

Arginosuccinic aciduria

Asphyxiation

Aspirin

Atropine

Azotemia, familial - reduced alertness

Baclofen

Baltic myoclonic epilepsy - unconsciousness

Barbiturates

Benzodiazepines

Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis - disturbance of consciousness

Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) - disturbance of consciousness

Brain death

Bromazepam

Bupivacaine

Buprenorphine

Buspirone

Cannabinoids

Carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1 deficiency disease

Carbon monoxide toxicity

Carbon tetrachloride

Cardiac arrest

Carnitine deficiency (systemic)

Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency - unconsciousness

Cataplexy

Chemical poisoning - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- 1,1-Dichloroethene - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- 1,3-Dinitrobenzene - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- 1,4-Dioxane - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- 2,4-Dinitrotoluene - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- 4,4-Methylenebis - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Acetone - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Acetophenone - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Allyl alcohol - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Allyl chloride - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Allyl trichloride - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Aluminum Phosphide - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Amidithion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Amiton - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Aniline - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Anisidine (o,p-Isomers) - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Antifreeze - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Athyl-Gusathion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Azinfos-methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Azinfosethyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Azinophos-methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Azinphos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Azinphos-ethyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Azinphos-methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Azinphosmetile - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Azothoate - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Benoxafos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Bromophos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Bromophos-ethyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Cadusafos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Camphor - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Carbophenothion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Chlorfenvinphos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Chlorobenzene - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Chloroform - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Chloropyrifos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Chlorpyrifos methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Cyanthoate - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Cyclohexanone - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton-methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton-O - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton-O-methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton-S-methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton-S-methylsulphon - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Dialifos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Diazinon - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Dibromochloromethane - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Dichlorvos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Dicrotophos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Diethylene Glycol - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Dimethoate - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Dimethyl Phthalate - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Dioxathion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Disulfoton - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Endosulfan - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Endothion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Ether - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Ethion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Ethoate-methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Ethoprophos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Ethyl Mercaptan - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Ethyl-guthion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Ethylbenzene - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Ethylene Dichloride - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Etrimfos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Fenchlorphos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Fenitrothion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Fensulfothion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Fenthion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Fonophos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Formothion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Guthion (ethyl) - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Heptenophos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Hexane - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- High Melting Explosive (HMX) - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Hydrazine - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Hydrogen Sulfide - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Iodofenphos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Isopropyl Alcohol - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Jet Fuel-4 - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Jet Fuel-8 - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Jewelry cleaner - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Lacquer - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Lighter fluid - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- m-Anisidine - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Malathion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Mecarbam - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Metal cleaner - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Metal polish - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Methacrifos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Methamidophos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Methane - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Methidathion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Methiocarb - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Methomyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Methyl Ethyl Ketone - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Methyl Mercaptan - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Methyl parathion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Methylene Chloride - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Metiltriazotion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Mevinphos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Monocrotophos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- N,N-Dimethyl-P-Toluidine - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Naphthalene - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Nitroethane - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Nitromethane - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Nitrophenol - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Nitrophenol Urea - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Nitrous Oxide - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- o-Anisidine - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Oil-based paint - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Omethoate - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Oxydeprofos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Oxydisulfoton - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- p-Anisidine - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Parathion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Parathion Methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Pentaborane - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Pentachlorophenol - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Phenkapton - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Phorate - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Phosalone - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Phosdrin - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Phosmet - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Phosphamidon - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Phosphine - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Phoxim - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Pine Oil - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Pirimiphos-methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Primiphos methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Profenofos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Propoxur - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Propylene Glycol Dinitrate - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Prothidathion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Prothoate - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Pyridine - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Pyrimitate - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Quinalphos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Quintiofos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- RDX - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Sodium Azide - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Sodium Hypochlorite - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Sophamide - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Stoddard Solvent - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Sulfotep - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Terbufos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Tetrachloroethylene - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Tetrahydrofuran - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Thiometon - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Tolclofos methyl - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Triazophos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Triazotion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Trichlorfon - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Trichloroethane - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Trifenfos - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Vamidothion - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Vinyl Choride - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Window cleaner - unconsciousness

Chemical poisoning -- Zinc Phosphide - unconsciousness

Chlophedianol

Chloral hydrate

Chlorpheniramine

Chlorpromazine

Cinnarizine

Cirrhosis of the liver - unresponsiveness

Claviceps purpurea poisoning - unconsciousness

Clomipramine Toxicity - unconsciousness

Clonazepam

Clotiapine

Cocaine

Cocaine overdose - unconsciousness

Codeine

Concussion - unconsciousness

Cone shell poisoning

Cyanides

Cyclobenzaprine

Cycloserine

Dantrolene

Decompression sickness - unconsciousness

Decreased level of consciousness - reduced alertness

Decreased LOC - reduced alertness

Demerol overdose - unconsciousness

Demethyldiazepam

Deserpidine

Desipramine

Desipramine toxicity - unconsciousness

Diabetic hypoglycemic attack

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diamorphine

Diazepam

Dichloralphenazone

Dilaudid overdose - unconsciousness

Diphenhydramine

Diphenidol

Dothiepin

Doxepin toxicity - unconsciousness

Drug Allergies - unconsciousness

Drug overdose

Earthball poisoning - unconsciousness

Efavirenz

Electric shock

Electrical burns - unconsciousness

Encephalitis - poor responsiveness

Epidural haemorrhage

Eszopiclone

Ethchlorvynol

Ethinamate

Fainting

Fat embolism

Febrile convulsions

Firearm Injury - Unconsciousness

Fits

Flurazepam

Fluridrazepam

Focal seizure - unconsciousness

Focal seizures - Unconsciousness

Fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, hereditary - unconsciousness

Fumarase deficiency

Gabapentin

Gamma hydroxybutyrate

Ganaxolone

General anaesthesia

Glutethimide

Grand mal seizure

Haloperidol

Heat stroke - unconsciousness

Hepatic failure

Hydrocodone overdose - unconsciousness

Hydroxyzine

Hyperbaric sickness

Hypermagnesaemia

Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma

Hypoglycaemia

Hypothermia

Hypothyroidism

Imipramine toxicity - unconsciousness

Inhalational anaesthetics

Insect allergy - unconsciousness

Intracranial abscess / granuloma

Intracranial Embolism - unconsciousness

Intracranial haemorrhage

Intracranial Hemorrhages - unconsciousness

Iron compounds

Lead poisoning - unconsciousness

Levetiracetam

Levomepromazine

Lidocaine

Local anaesthetic allergy - unconsciousness

Lofexidine

Long chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

Lorazepam

Malaria

Malaria (malignant tertian)

Medazepam

Mediterranean myoclonic epilepsy - unconsciousness

Melatonin

Meningitis - reduced alertness

Meningococcal disease - alertness changes

Meningoencephalitis

Mephenoxalone

Meprobamate

Methadone

Methaqualone

Methyldopa

Methyldopate

Methyprylon

Metoclopramide

Mianserin

Microcephaly brain defect spasticity hypernatremia - unresponsiveness

Midazolam

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury - unconsciousness

Mirtazapine

Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency

Morphine allergy - unconsciousness

Myoclonus progressive epilepsy of Unverricht and Lundborg - unconsciousness

Nabilone

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy 1 - reduced alertness

Narcolepsy 2 - reduced alertness

Narcolepsy 3 - reduced alertness

Narcolepsy 4 - reduced alertness

Narcolepsy 5 - reduced alertness

Near-drowning

Nitrazepam

Nitrous oxide

Nortriptyline

Nortriptyline toxicity - unconsciousness

Novacaine drug allergy - unconsciousness

Olanzapine

Organic solvent

Oxazepam

Oxycontin overdose - unconsciousness

Partial seizure - unconsciousness

Penicillin allergy - unconsciousness

Perazine

Persistent Vegetative State - lack of response

Phencyclidine

Phenelzine

Phenobarbital

Pipothiazine

Pituitary apoplexy

Pizotifen

Poison hemlock

Pramipexole

Prazepam

Pregabalin

Primidone

Problem Sleepiness - slow response

Prochlorperazine

Propiomazine

Propofol

Protriptyline toxicity - unconsciousness

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula - unconsciousness

Quetiapine

Rabies

Raised intracranial pressure

Ramelteon

Renal failure, acute

Renal failure, chronic

Reserpine

Respiratory failure

Ritalin overdose - unconsciousness

Secondarily generalized seizure - unconsciousness

Selenium poisoning - unconsciousness

Shock

Shock, anaphylactic - unconsciousness

Shock, Cardiogenic - unconsciousness

Shock, Distributive - unconsciousness

Shock, Endocrine - unconsciousness

Shock, Hemorrhagic - unconsciousness

Shock, Hypovolaemic - unconsciousness

Shock, Neurogenic - unconsciousness

Shock, Obstructive - unconsciousness

Shock, Septic - unconsciousness

Shock, Traumatic - unconsciousness

Skull fracture

Sleep dept - reduced alertness

Sleeping sickness (East African)

Sleeping sickness (West African)

Spinal cord injury, acute

Stroke - disturbance of consciousness

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Subdural haemorrhage

Sulfa antibiotics allergy - unconsciousness

Syncope

Temazepam

Tetrahydrocannabinol

Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency

Thiopentone

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Tizanidine

Toluene

Topiramate

Triclofos

Tricyclic antidepressants

Trifluperidol

Trimipramine toxicity - unconsciousness

Ultram overdose - unconsciousness

Unconsciousness - unresponsiveness

Unverricht-Lundborg disease - unconsciousness

Unverricht-Lundborg syndrome - unconsciousness

Ureterosigmoidostomy

Variceal Bleeding - unconsciousness

Ventricular fibrillation

Vicodin overdose - unresponsiveness

Vigabatrin

Viral meningitis - reduced alertness

Water hemlock poisoning

Xanax overdose - unconsciousness

Zaleplon

Ziconotide

Zolpidem

Zopiclone

Differentiating Loss of Consciousness from other Disorders

• Loss of consciousness should not be confused with the notion of the psychoanalytic unconscious or cognitive processes (e.g., implicit cognition) that take place outside of awareness. Loss of consciousness must not be confused with altered states of consciousness, such as delirium (when the person is confused and only partially responsive to the environment), normal sleep, hypnosis, and other altered states in which the person responds to stimuli.

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