Paroxysmal hypertension

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Paroxysmal hypertension is episodic high blood pressure, which may be due to stress of any sort or from phaeochromocytoma, a type of tumor involving the adrenal medulla. Patients with paroxysmal hypertension who test negative for phaeochromocytoma are said to be suffering from pseudophaechromocytoma, a disorder with no known cause.

Causes

• Hyperthyroidism
• Mastocytosis
• Pheochromocytoma

Anxiety

 •  (See   "Overview of the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism")
 •  Cluster or migraine headaches (See   "Approach to the patient with headache syndromes other than   migraine" and see   "Approach to the patient with migraine headache")
 •  Hypertensive encephalopathy (See   "Hypertensive emergencies: Malignant hypertension and hypertensive   encephalopathy").
 •  Coronary insufficiency
 •  Renovascular hypertension (See   "Who should be screened for renovascular or secondary hypertension?").
 •  Central nervous system lesions, such as stroke,   tumor, hemorrhage, compression of lateral medulla, and trauma (See   "Clinical diagnosis of stroke subtypes").
 •  Seizure disorder
 •  Carcinoid (See   "The carcinoid syndrome").
 •  Drugs (cocaine,   lysergic acid diethylamide, amphetamine)
 •  Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine   oxidase inhibitors
 •  Baroreflex failure
 •  Factitious hypertension.

References

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