Dysarthria
Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox
|
WikiDoc Resources for Dysarthria |
|
Articles |
|---|
|
Most recent articles on Dysarthria |
|
Media |
|
Evidence Based Medicine |
|
Clinical Trials |
|
Ongoing Trials on Dysarthria at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Dysarthria at Google
|
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Dysarthria
|
|
Books |
|
News |
|
Commentary |
|
Definitions |
|
Patient Resources / Community |
|
Patient resources on Dysarthria Discussion groups on Dysarthria Patient Handouts on Dysarthria Directions to Hospitals Treating Dysarthria Risk calculators and risk factors for Dysarthria
|
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Dysarthria |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
|
International |
|
|
|
Business |
|
Experimental / Informatics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Dysarthria is a speech disorder resulting from neurological injury, characterised by poor articulation (cf aphasia: disorder of the content of speech). Any of the speech subsystems (respiration, phonation, resonance, prosody, articulation and movements of jaw and tongue) can be affected.
Disarthic speech is due to some disorder in the nervous system, which in turn hinders control over for example tongue, throat, lips or lungs. Swallowing problems, dysphagia, are often present.
Cranial nerves that control these muscles include the facial nerve (VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the vagus nerve (X), and the hypoglossal nerve (XII).
Classification
Dysarthrias are classified in multiple ways based on the presentation of symptoms. Specific dysarthrias include Spastic, Flaccid, Hyperkinetic, Hypokinetic, Ataxic, Unilateral upper motor neuron, and Mixed dysarthria.
Causes
The reasons behind dysarthria can be many; among the diseases are ALS, Parkinson's disease, botulism, cranial nerve lesions, chorea, prion protein related diseases, and cerebral palsy. Dysarthria can also be an early symptom of stroke, and of other forms of traumatic brain injury. More common causes are intoxication and anesthesia, although these are transient. Another possibility is myasthenia gravis.
Complete Differential Diagnosis of Dysarthria
In alphabetical order. [1] [2]
Neurological
- Abscess
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Botulism
- Brainstem stroke
- Dermatomyositis
- Diabetic nerve infarction
- Hypothyroidism
- Mitochondrial disease
- Myasthenia gravis
- Myotonic muscular dystrophy
- Nerve gas/ organophosphate poisoning
- Parkinson's Disease
- Polymyositis
- Prolonged effects of anesthesia
- Stroke
- Tumor
Structural
Less Common Etiologies
- Acute dystonic reaction
- Amyloidosis
- Anaerobic infection
- Cleft palate
- Mild cerebral palsy
- Poor dentition or ill-fitting dentures
- Sedative/anticonvulsant intoxication
- Unrecognized foreign accent
Treatment
The articulation problems that dysarthria causes can be treated together with a speech language pathologist using a range of techniques which sometimes includes strengthening the speech musculature. Devices that make coping with dysarthria easier include speech synthesis software and text-based telephones.
References
- Haines, Duane (2004). Neuroanatomy: an atlas of structures, sections, and systems. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-4677-9.
- Duffy, Joseph R (2005). Motor Speech Disorders: Substrates, Differential Diagnosis, And Management. 2nd edition. Saint Louis: C.V. Mosby. ISBN 0-323-02452-1.
Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs
de:Dysarthrie
hu:Dizartria
nl:Dysartrie
no:Dysartri
fi:Dysartria
sv:Dysartri