Nephrotic syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Primary causes
Primary causes of nephrotic syndrome are usually described by the histology, i.e. minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and membranous nephropathy (MN).
They are considered to be "diagnoses of exclusion", i.e. they are diagnosed only after secondary causes have been excluded.
Secondary causes
Secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome have the same histologic patterns as the primary causes, though may exhibit some differences suggesting a secondary cause.
They are usually described by the underlying cause.
Secondary causes by histologic pattern
Membranous nephropathy (MN)[1]
- Hepatitis B
- Sjogren's syndrome
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Sarcoidosis
- Syphilis
- Drugs
- Malignancy (cancer)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)[1]
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Obesity
- Kidney loss
Minimal change disease (MCD)[1]
- Drugs
- Malignancy, especially Hodgkin's lymphoma