Nephrotic syndrome differential diagnosis
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Overview
Differentiating Nephrotic Syndrome from other Diseases
- Heart failure:
The patient is older, with a history of heart disease. Jugular venous pressure is elevated on examination, might hear heart murmurs An echocardiogram is the gold standard investigation
- Liver failure:
History suggestive of hepatitis/ cirrhosis: alcoholic, IV drug user, some hereditary causes Stigmata of liver disease are seen: dilated veins over umbilicus (caput medusae), scratch marks, enlarged spleen, spider angiomata, encephalopathy, bruising, nodular liver
- Acute fluid overload in someone with kidney failure:
These people are known to have kidney failure, and have either drunk too much or missed their dialysis.
- Metastatic cancer:
When cancer seeds the lungs or abdomen it causes effusions and fluid accumulation due to obstruction of lymphatics and veins as well as serous exudation.