Pneumonia epidemiology and demographics
|
Pneumonia Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Pneumonia epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pneumonia epidemiology and demographics |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Pneumonia epidemiology and demographics |
Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Philip Marcus, M.D., M.P.H.[2]
Overview
Pneumonia is a common illness in all parts of the world. It is a major cause of death among all age groups. In children, the majority of deaths occur in the newborn period, with over two million deaths a year worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that one in three newborn infant deaths are due to pneumonia[1] and WHO also estimates that up to 1 million of these (vaccine preventable) deaths are caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 90% of these deaths take place in developing countries.[2] Mortality from pneumonia generally decreases with age until late adulthood. Elderly individuals, however, are at particular risk for pneumonia and associated mortality.
Epidemiology and demographics
United states of America
- It is the seventh most common cause of death in the United States
- It causes around 500,000 hospitalizations and 65,000 deaths annually.
International
- It is a common illness in all parts of the world.
Age
- It is a major cause of death among all age groups.
- In children, the majority of deaths occur in the newborn period, with over two million worldwide deaths a year.
- In fact, the WHO estimates that one in three newborn infant deaths are due to pneumonia.[3]
- Mortality decreases with age until late adulthood; elderly individuals are particularly at risk for CAP and associated mortality.
Seasonal
- Common during winter months than during other times of the year.
Gender
- CAP occurs more commonly in males than females
Race
- More common in blacks than Caucasians.
Mortality
- Patients hospitalized with pneumonia have a mortality rate of 12-14%.
Special considerations
- Individuals with underlying illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, tobacco smoking, alcoholism, or immune system problems are at increased risk for pneumonia.[4]
References
- ↑ Garenne M, Ronsmans C, Campbell H. The magnitude of mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years in developing countries. World Health Stat Q 1992;45:180. PMID 1462653
- ↑ WHO (1999). "Pneumococcal vaccines. WHO position paper". Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 74 (23): 177–83. PMID 10437429.