Iron deficiency anemia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
USA
- Iron deficiency is the most common known form of nutritional deficiency in United States.
Age
- Its prevalence is highest among young children and women of childbearing age (particularly pregnant women).
- In children, iron deficiency causes developmental delays and behavioral disturbances, and in pregnant women, it increases the risk for a preterm delivery and delivering a low-birthweight baby.
- In the past three decades, increased iron intake among infants has resulted in a decline in childhood iron-deficiency anemia in the United States.
- As a consequence, the use of screening tests for anemia has become a less efficient means of detecting iron deficiency in some populations. For women of childbearing age, iron deficiency has remained prevalent.
- CDC emphasizes sound iron nutrition for infants and young children, screening for anemia among women of childbearing age, and the importance of low-dose iron supplementation for pregnant women.