Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
Vitamin K1
ICD-10	P53
ICD-9	776.0
DiseasesDB	29544
MeSH	D006475

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn is a coagulation disturbance in newborns due to vitamin K deficiency. As a consequence of vitamin K deficiency there is an impaired production of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X, C and S by the liver.

Pathophysiology

Newborns are relatively vitamin K deficient for a variety of reasons. They have low vitamin K stores at birth, vitamin K passes the placenta poorly, the levels of vitamin K in breast milk are low and the gut flora has not yet been developed (vitamin K is normally produced by bacteria in the intestines).

Diagnosis

Symptoms

The disease causes an increased risk of bleeding. The most common sites of bleeding are the umbilicus, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, circumcision and venipunctures.

Treatment

Treatment consists of vitamin K supplementation. This is often given prophylactically newborns shortly after birth.

Related Chapters

• Hemolytic disease of the newborn

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