Schizophrenia historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Historical Perspective
Schizophrenia the name comes from the Greek roots schizein (σχίζειν, "to split") and phrēn, phren- (φρήν, φρεν-, "mind"). Studies suggest that genetics, early environment, neurobiology and psychological and social processes are important contributory factors. Historically there was debate as to whether schizophrenia was in fact a single disorder or a combination of separate discrete psychiatric disorders. For this reason, Eugen Bleuler termed the disease the schizophrenias (plural) when he coined the name.
Schneiderian Classification
The psychiatrist Kurt Schneider (1887–1967) listed the forms of psychotic symptoms that he thought distinguished schizophrenia from other psychotic disorders. These are called first-rank symptoms or Schneider's first-rank symptoms, and they include delusions of being controlled by an external force; the belief that thoughts are being inserted into or withdrawn from one's conscious mind; the belief that one's thoughts are being broadcast to other people; and hearing hallucinatory voices that comment on one's thoughts or actions or that have a conversation with other hallucinated voices.[1] The reliability of first-rank symptoms has been questioned,[2] although they have contributed to the current diagnostic criteria.