Amyloidosis physical examination

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Classification • Primary amyloidosis • Secondary amyloidosis • Familial amyloidosis • Wild-type (senile) amyloidosis • Cardiac amyloidosis • Beta-2 microglobulin related amyloidosis • Gelsolin related amyloidosis • Lysozyme amyloid related amyloidosis • Leucocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 related amyloidosis • Fibrinogen A alpha-chain associated amyloidosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Common findings in amyloidosis include petechiae, ecchymosis, parotid gland enlargement, increased intraocular pressure, enlarged tongue, hepatomegaly, carpal tunnel syndrome and Raynaud phenomenon.

Physical Examination

Vitals

• Hypertension
• Tachycardia

Skin

• The most common skin findings are
  • Petechiae (small red blood spots).
  • Ecchymoses (small, flat blood spots that are round or irregular shape and bluish/purplish in colour)
  • Waxy papular nodules can be seen around the eye lids, neck and also in the groin.
  • Brittle nails.
  • Edema due to heart failure
  • Patches of hair loss can be seen.

Head

• Parotid gland enlargement
• Submandibular gland enlargement

Eyes

• Raised intraocular pressure may be present.

Throat

• Enlarged tongue

Abdomen

• Hepatomegaly

Extremities

• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Numbness of the fingers and toes
• Raynaud phenomenon