Opioid therapy for chronic pain
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain Working Group. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of opioid therapy for chronic pain. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense (DO NOT EDIT) [1]
Recommendations for assessment of patients with chronic pain(DO NOT EDIT) [1]
Class I |
"1. ASD should be diagnosed by imaging techniques with demonstration of shunting across the defect and evidence of RV volume overload and any associated anomalies. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
"2. Patients with unexplained RV volume overload should be referred to an ACHD center for further diagnostic studies to rule out obscure ASD, partial anomalous venous connection, or coronary sinoseptal defect.(Level of Evidence: C)" |