Brain tumor epidemiology and demographics
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Brain tumor Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Epidemiological record suggests a growing share each year of infants and children in the United States affected by brain tumors.
Incidence
- CBTRUS(Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States): The incidence rate of all primary malignant and non-malignant brain and central nervous system tumors is 19.9 cases per 100,000 person–years (7.3 per 100,000 person–years for malignant tumors and 12.5 per 100,000 person–years for non–malignant tumors). The rate is higher in females (21.3 per 100,000 person–years) than males (18.3 per 100,000 person–years) [1]
- CBTRUS: An estimated 66,290 new cases of primary non–malignant and malignant brain and central nervous system tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2012. [2]
- SEER: The incidence rate of primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumors (excluding lymphomas, leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) for the years 2004-2008 is 6.5 cases per 100,000 person–years. This rate is higher in males (7.7 per 100,000 person–years) than females (5.4 per 100,000 person–years). [3]
- SEER: The incidence rate of primary non-malignant brain and central nervous system tumors for the years 2004-2008 is 12.8 cases per 100,000 person–years. In contrast to malignant brain and central nervous system tumors, this rate is higher in females (15.3 per 100,000 person–years) than males (10.1 per 100,000 person– years).
- ACS(American Cancer Society): An estimated 22,910 new cases of primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2012 (12,630 in males and 10,280 in females). This represents 1.4% of all primary malignant cancers expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2012.[4]
- IARC(International Agency on Research on Cancer): The worldwide incidence rate of primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumors in 2002, age–adjusted using the world standard population, is 3.7 per 100,000 person–years in males and 2.6 per 100,000 person–years in females. This represents an estimated 108,277 males and 81,305 females who were diagnosed with a primary malignant brain tumor in 2002, an overall total of 189,582 individuals. The incidence rates are higher in more developed countries (males: 5.8 per 100,000 person–years; females: 4.1 per 100,000 person–years) than in less developed countries (males: 3.0 per 100,000 person–years; females: 2.1 per 100,000 person–years). [5]
- CBTRUS: CBTRUS has calculated a worldwide estimate of 186,678 newly diagnosed primary non–malignant brain and central nervous system tumors per annum for 2002 (males: n=80,759; females: n=105,918). [6]
Pediatric Incidence (Ages 0-19)
- CBTRUS: The incidence rate of childhood primary non–malignant and malignant brain and central nervous system tumors is 5.0 cases per 100,000 person–years. The rate is higher in males (5.1 per 100,000 person–years) than females (5.0 per 100,000 person–years).
- CBTRUS: An estimated 4,200 new cases of childhood primary non–malignant and malignant brain and central nervous system tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2012. Of these 4,200 new cases, an estimated 3,020 will be in children less than 15 years of age.
Mortality
- ACS(American Cancer Society): An estimated 13,700 deaths will be attributed to primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumors in the United States in 2012. Mortality is higher in females than males.
Lifetime Risk
- SEER: From birth, males have a 0.7% lifetime risk of ever being diagnosed with a primary malignant brain/central nervous system tumor and 0.5% chance of dying from a brain/central nervous system tumor (excluding lymphomas, leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity).
- SEER: From birth, females have a 0.5% lifetime risk of ever being diagnosed with a primary malignant brain/central nervous system tumor and a 0.4% chance of dying from a brain/central nervous system tumor (excluding lymphomas, leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity).
Survival
- SEER(Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results): The five–year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumor (including lymphomas and leukemias, tumors of the pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) is 32.3% for males and 35.5% for females (1995–2008 data). [7]
- SEER: Five–year relative survival rates following diagnosis of a primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumor (including lymphomas and leukemias, tumors of the pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) by age of diagnosis (1995–2008 data):
Age 0-19 years: 72.6%
Age 55-64 years: 17.7%
Age 20-44 years: 57.1%
Age 65-74 years: 10.0%
Age 45-54 years: 31.6%
Age 75 or older: 5.6%
Brain tumors in infants and children
In 2000 approximately 2.76 children per 100,000 will be affected by a CNS tumor in the United States each year. This rate has been increasing and by 2005 was 3.0 children per 100,000. This is approximately 2,500-3,000 pediatric brain tumors occurring each year in the US. The tumor incidence is increasing by about 2.7% per year. The CNS Cancer survival rate in children is approximately 60%.[8] However, this rate varies with the age of onset (younger has higher mortality) and cancer type.
In children under 2, about 70% of brain tumors are medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and low-grade glioma. Less commonly, and seen usually in infants, are teratoma and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor.[9]
References
- ↑ Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States analyses of the NPCR and SEER data, 2004-2008.
- ↑ The age-specific rate method (www.idph.state.il.us/cancer/pdf/projections/Final_methodsV2_no_examples_updated_for_2007-2010.pdf) was utilized to project 2012 estimates of all primary brain tumors using the NPCR/SEER 2004-2008 age-sex-race-specific brain tumor incidence rates for a group by the age-sex-race-specific projections for that group. Projected population estimates for 2012 were derived for the 50 states and District of Columbia using the US Census Bureau 1990-2008 population data (seer.cancer.gov/popdata/index.html).
- ↑ Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Neyman N, Aminou R, Waldron W, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Cho H, Mariotto A, Eisner MP, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA, Edwards BK (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2008, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2008/, based on November 2010 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2011.
- ↑ Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 62:10-29, 2012.
- ↑ Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P and Parkin DM. GLOBOCAN 2002: Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide, Version 2.0. IARC CancerBase No. 5, Lyon, IARC Press, 2004. Limited version available from URL: http://www.depdb.iarc.fr/globocan2002.htm.
- ↑ McCarthy BJ, Schellinger KA, Propp JM, Kruchko C, Malmer B. A Case for the Worldwide Collection of Primary Benign Brain Tumors. Neuroepidemiology 33(3):268-275, 2009.
- ↑ Estimated by CBTRUS using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov) SEER*Stat Database: Incidence - SEER 17 Regs Research Data + Hurricane Katrina Impacted Louisiana Cases, Nov 2010 Sub (1973-2008 varying) - Linked To County Attributes - Total U.S., 1969-2009 Counties, National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2011 (updated 10/28/2011), based on the November 2010 submission.
- ↑ See Table 11.2 Survival Rate
- ↑ Infantile Brain Tumors by Brian Rood for The Childhood Brain Tumor Foundation (accessed July 2007)