Parotitis overview

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Parotitis is an inflammatory disorder of the salivary gland, or sialadenitis. It is most commonly infectious in etiology but can be autoimmune or neoplastic.

Causes

The most common bacterial cause is S. aureus. S. pneumonia, S. pyogenes, and H. influenza are also common. Less commonly gram negative rods (GNR) as well as anaerobes are found. M. tuberculosis and T. pallidum have also been reported but are usually associated with chronic, painless infection. Viral etiologies include paramyxovirus (particularly Mumps), influenza, parainfluenza, echovirus, and coxsackie. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and adenovirus have been implicated in HIVpatients. Nonbacterial causes include Wegener’s granulomatosis and lymphoma. Cat-scratch and actinomycosis should be considered if the patient fails to respond to standard therapy. This predisposes to parotitis.