Acute renal failure risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Acute renal failure always occurs in connection with some other medical condition or event. Being hospitalized with a serious condition requiring intensive care is the biggest risk factor. The risk factors for acute renal failure is divided into three major categories, namely pre-renal factors, renal factors and post-renal factors.
Risk Factors
Pre-renal Factors
Pre-renal risk factors are those that cause reduced blood supply to the renal nephrons. Most common risk factors are as follows:
- Dehydration
- Shock
- Sepsis
- Congestive heart failure
- Complications of diabetes
Renal or Intrinsic Factors
These are risk factors that directly cause damage to the kidneys and cause renal failure. Common renal risk factors include:
- Excessive usage of NSAIDS and aminoglycosides
- High blood pressure
- Hemolysis
- Myoglobinuria
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Hypertensive nephrosclerosis
Post-renal Factors
Post-renal risk factors are those that cause obstruction to the urinary outflow tract. Some common post-renal risk factors are as follows:
- Renal calculi
- Excessive use of anticholinergics
- Neurogenic bladder
Other common causes
- Heart disease
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Hypercholesterolemia
- African-American, American Indian or Asian-American race
- Family history of kidney disease
- Age 65 or older