Mitral stenosis epidemiology and demographics
|
Mitral Stenosis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Mitral stenosis epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Mitral stenosis epidemiology and demographics |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Mitral stenosis epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.; Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.[2]
Overview
In developed countries, the prevalence of mitral stenosis continues to decline as the prevalence of rheumatic fever declines. Currently, the estimated incidence in the United States is 1:100,000. The incidence in higher in developing countries.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Age
Rheumatic fever is a disease of childhood. Mitral stenosis usually becomes symptomatic in the third or fourth decade of life.
Gender
Though rheumatic fever occurs in equal numbers in males and females, two thirds of all patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis are females.[1]
Developed countries
- Despite a decline in rheumatic fever, rheumatic disease remains the major cause of mitral valve stenosis. The prevalence of rheumatic disease in developed nations is steadily declining. In United States the prevalence rate is less than 5 per 100,000 persons.[2] This could be attributed to the introduction of penicillin or a change in the virulence of the Streptococcus.
- In countries with low prevalence of rheumatic disease, mitral stenosis may be congenital.[3] Though the incidence is low, these patients have high mortality rates.
Developing countries
Developing countries have higher rates of rheumatic fever and consequently higher rates of mitral stenosis with prevalence of more than 10 cases per 1,000 in India and 4-10 cases per 1,000 in China, Russia, Africa and Australia.[2]
References
- ↑ Movahed MR, Ahmadi-Kashani M, Kasravi B, Saito Y (2006). "Increased prevalence of mitral stenosis in women". J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 19 (7): 911–3. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2006.01.017. PMID 16825001.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Seckeler MD, Hoke TR (2011). "The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease". Clin Epidemiol. 3: 67–84. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S12977. PMC 3046187. PMID 21386976.
- ↑ Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC, Faxon DP, Freed MD; et al. (2008). "2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Circulation. 118 (15): e523–661. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190748. PMID 18820172.