Chronic hypertension laboratory findings

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Classification Primary Hypertension Secondary Hypertension Hypertensive Emergency Hypertensive Urgency
Screening

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Taylor Palmieri

Overview

Laboratory studies are often undertaken to identify possible causes of secondary hypertension, and seek evidence for end-organ damage to the heart itself or the eyes (retina) and kidneys. Diabetes and raised cholesterol levels being additional risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease are also tested for as they will also require management.

Laboratory Findings

Blood tests commonly performed include:

• Creatinine (renal function) - to identify both underlying renal disease as a cause of hypertension and conversely hypertension causing onset of kidney damage. Also a baseline for later monitoring the possible side-effects of certain antihypertensive drugs.
• Electrolytes (sodium, potassium)
• Glucose - to identify diabetes mellitus
• Cholesterol
• Urinalysis. Testing of urine samples for proteinuria - again to pick up underlying kidney disease or evidence of hypertensive renal damage.
• Glucose
• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) / creatinine
• Basic metabolic panel
• Calcium
• Lipids
• Urinary albumin
• Glomerular filtration rate