Balanitis

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Balanitis Microchapters
Patient Information
Overview
Classification Infectious balanitis Non-infectious balanitits Zoon's balanitis Balanitis xerotica obliterans
Causes
Differential Diagnosis

Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.

Synonyms and keywords: Balanoposthitis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

• Penis
• Glans penis
• Foreskin
• Inflammation
• Circumcision
• Balanitis xerotica obliterans

References

1. Edwards S. Balanitis and balanoposthitis: a review. Genitourin Med 1996;72(3):155-9
2. Leber M. Balanitis. (online). eMedicine.com. Cited 20 Aug 2005
3. Chow KW. Balanitis and other genital conditions. In: Social Hygiene Handbook. Hong Kong.
4. Escala JM, Rickwood AMK. Balanitis. Brit J Urol 1989;63:196-7
5. Øster J. Further fate of the foreskin: incidence of preputial adhesions, phimosis, and smegma among Danish Schoolboys. Arch Dis Child 1968;43:200-3
6. Simpson ET, Barraclough P. The management of the paediatric foreskin. Aust Fam Physician 1998;27(5):381-3
7. Fergusson DM, Lawton JM, Shannon FT. Neonatal circumcision and penile problems: an 8-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics 1988;81(4):537-41
8. Herzog LW, Alvarez SR. The frequency of foreskin problems in uncircumcised children. Am J Dis Child 1986; 140: 254-256
9. Fakjian N, Hunter S, Cole GW, Miller J. An argument for circumcision. Prevention of balanitis in the adult. Arch Dermatol 1990 Aug;126(8):1046-7.
10. Waskett JH. Balanitis and the uncircumcised male. Pediatrics. P3R Response (12 Jun 2005)
11. Van Howe RS. Variability in penile appearance and penile findings: a prospective study. Brit J Urol 1997;80:776-782
12. Birley HDL, Luzzi GA, Bell R. Clinical features and management of recurrent balanitis: association with atopy and genital washing. Genitourin Med 1993;69(5):400-3
13. Pellice i Vilalta C, Casalots i Casado J, Cosme i Jimenez MA. Zoon's balanoposthitis. A preliminary note. Arch Esp Urol 1999 Jan-Feb;52(1):69-72
14. Buechner SA. Common skin disorders of the penis. BJU Int 2002 Sep;90(5):498-506.
15. Keogh G. Balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis. (online). eMedicine.com. Cited 20 Aug 2005
16. Baldwin HE, Geronemus RG. The treatment of Zoon's balanitis with the carbon dioxide laser. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1989 May;15(5):491-4
17. Albertini JG, Holck DE, Farley MF. Zoon's balanitis treated with Erbium:YAG laser ablation. Lasers Surg Med 2002; 30(2):123-6
18. Retamar RA, Kien MC, Chouela EN. Zoon's balanitis: presentation of 15 patients, five treated with a carbon dioxide laser. Int J Dermatol 2003 Apr;42(4):305-7
19. O'Farrell N, Quigley M, Fox P. Association between the intact foreskin and inferior standards of male genital hygiene behaviour: a cross-sectional study. Int J STD AIDS 2005 Aug;16(8):556-9.

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