Rhabdomyolysis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Injuries leading to rhabdomyolysis can be due to mechanical, physical, and chemical causes.
Causes
Mechanical Causes
- Crush trauma
- Burns
- Excessive exertion
- Intractable convulsions
- Choreoathetosis
- Surgery
- Compression by a tourniquet left for too long
- Local muscle compression due to comatose states
- Compartment syndrome
- Rigidity due to neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Physical causes
- High fever or hyperthermia
- Electric current
- Extreme physical exertion (although most heavy exercise does not cause kidney damage)[1]
Chemical causes
- Alcohol
- Anoxia of the muscle (e.g., Bywaters' syndrome, toxin- and drug-related)
- Antibiotics
- Any drug that directly or indirectly impairs the production or use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by skeletal muscle, or increases energy requirements so as to exceed ATP production, can cause rhabdomyolysis.[2]
- Certain mushrooms like Tricholoma equestre
- Electrolyte abnormalities
- Endocrinopathy
- First-generation H1-receptor antagonists (e.g., diphenhydramine)
- Heritable muscle enzyme deficiencies
- Metabolic disorders,
- Skeletal muscle relaxants that are consumed in overdose are rarely associated with this condition.[3]
- Statin
- Various animal toxins
References
- ↑ Clarkson P, Kearns A, Rouzier P, Rubin R, Thompson P (2006). "Serum creatine kinase levels and renal function measures in exertional muscle damage". Med Sci Sports Exerc. 38 (4): 623–7. PMID 16679975.
- ↑ Larbi EB (1998). "Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis". Annals of Saudi medicine. 18 (6): 525–30. PMID 17344731.
- ↑ Chabria SB (2006). "Rhabdomyolysis: a manifestation of cyclobenzaprine toxicity". Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England). 1: 16. doi:10.1186/1745-6673-1-16. PMID 16846511.