Cardiac amyloidosis echocardiography
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Cardiac amyloidosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Cardiac amyloidosis echocardiography On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cardiac amyloidosis echocardiography |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Cardiac amyloidosis echocardiography |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [3]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [4]
Overview
Transthoracic echocardiography is most commonly used in the initial evaluation of cardiac amyloidosis. The most common echocardiographic finding is thickening of the left ventricle.
Echocardiography
Findings on echocardiography include:[1][2][3]
- Thickening of the left ventricle
- Granular or sparkling appearance of the myocardium secondary to amyloid deposition in the myocardium. This finding is especially seen best with two dimentional echocardiography as hyperrefractile myocardial echoes.
- Thickening of interventricular septum
- Diastolic dysfunction
- Normal or reduced LV cavity
- Pericardial effusion
- RV hypertrophy
- Left atrial enlargement
- Thickened AV valves
- Right ventricular dilatation (poor prognostic marker indicating right heart failure)
The combination of increased thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall and interventricular septum with a low voltage electrocardiographic pattern is highly specific for cardiac amyloidosis. In an echocardiographic study conducted in 54 patients (30 with AA type cardiac amyloidosis and 24 with AL type amyloidosis) it was found that this finding is more often seen in the AL type cardiac amyloidosis.
References
- ↑ Siqueira-Filho AG, Cunha CL, Tajik AJ, Seward JB, Schattenberg TT, Giuliani ER (1981). "M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic features in cardiac amyloidosis". Circulation. 63 (1): 188–96. PMID 7438392. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Nishikawa H, Nishiyama S, Nishimura S; et al. (1988). "Echocardiographic findings in nine patients with cardiac amyloidosis: their correlation with necropsy findings". Journal of Cardiology. 18 (1): 121–33. PMID 3221306. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hamer JP, Janssen S, van Rijswijk MH, Lie KI (1992). "Amyloid cardiomyopathy in systemic non-hereditary amyloidosis. Clinical, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings in 30 patients with AA and 24 patients with AL amyloidosis". European Heart Journal. 13 (5): 623–7. PMID 1618203. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)