Elbow pain
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editors-In-Chief: Jumana Nagarwala, M.D., Senior Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital and Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Elbow is comprised of the radius, ulna, and distal humerus. Trauma is the most common cause of elbow pain. The elbow is the third most commonly dislocated large joint
Causes
Common Causes
- List the most common causes here.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Differentiating Elbow Pain from other Conditions
In alphabetical order. [1] [2]
- Angina
- Bursitis
- Dislocation
- Distal biceps tendon rupture
- Epicondylitis
- Fracture
- Gouty arthritis
- Infection
- Loose body
- Osteoarthritis
- Pronator Syndrome
- Radial Tunnel Syndrome
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Trauma
- Ulnar nerve entrapment
Diagnosis
Physical Examination
- Careful examination of hand, wrist, elbow and shoulder
Electrocardiogram
Should be performed in a patient with risk factors for coronary heart disease.
X-Ray
- Standard X-rays (anterior/posterior, lateral and oblique views)
MRI
- Rarely, MRI may be indicated.
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Aspiration
- Nerve conduction tests
Treatment
- Elevation, immobilization (elbow flexed at 90 degrees), analgesia for fracture management
- Anatomic reduction (neurovascular compromise)
- Rest and physical therapy (epicondylitis)
- Reduction (elbow dislocation, nursemaid's elbow)
Pharmacotherapy
Acute Pharmacotherapies
- Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (general fracture, epicondylitis)