Apnea causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: : Marcelo R. Zacarkim, M.D. [2]

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular 1q21.1 deletion, acromegaly, Arnold-Chiari malformation, arrythmias, atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrest, cyanotic congenital heart disease, end stage renal disease, heart failure, Hurler syndrome, myasthenia gravis, myocardial infarction, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, pulmonary atresia, pulmonary edema,pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, secondary hypertension, shock, sleep deprivation, toxidrome, Werdnig-Hoffman disease,
Chemical/Poisoning Ammonium chloride, camphor, chloral hydrate, eucalyptus oil poisoning, pepper spray, strychnine,tetramethylammonium hydroxide, cyanide,
Dental Crouzon syndrome, mandibular hypoplasia, midfacial hypoplasia, narrow maxillary arch, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, osteopetrosis,
Dermatologic SADDAN,
Drug Side Effect

Benzodiazepines, bupivacaine, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, general anesthetics, levobupivacaine, lidocaine, morphine, narcotic analgesics, oxymorphone, pancuronium, propofol, pyrimidifen, ropivacaine, sodium thiopental, trazodone, use of sedatives (sleeping pills)

Ear Nose Throat Adenoid hypertrophy, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, angina tonsillaris, auriculo-condylar syndrome, campomelic syndrome, choanal stenosis, collapse of aryepiglottic folds, Crouzon syndrome, deviated septum, edema of epiglottis, elongated and/or thickened palate and uvula, empty nose syndrome, Hunter syndrome, lingual cyst, lingual tonsillar hypertrophy, lymphoma of tonsils, macroglossia, micrognathia, nasoseptal obstruction, oropharyngeal papillomatosis, Pierre Robin sequence, rhinitis, septal dislocation, septal hematoma, tracheal rupture, turbinate hypertrophy,
Endocrine Hyperpituitarism, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, testosterone deficiency,
Environmental Smoking,
Gastroenterologic Aberrant subclavian artery abnormality, Arnold-Chiari malformation, alcohol, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Chronic airway-digestive inflammatory disease (CAID), gastroesophageal reflux disease, Gaucher's disease, Joubert syndrome, polyposis,
Genetic Genetics, 1q21.1 deletion
Hematologic Iron deficiency anemia, neonatal anemia,
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Botulism, encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, pertussis,
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic An acutely angled skull base, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, head and neck burns, lipoma of the neck, myotonic dystrophy,
Neurologic 1q21.1 deletion, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency , benign familial infantile convulsion, brain abscess, brain stem dysfunction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, cerebral palsy, down syndrome, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, hypertonia,hypotonia , increased intracranial pressure, late-onset spinal muscular atrophy, myotubular myopathy
Nutritional/Metabolic

Alcohol, body fat redistribution (BFR) syndrome, hyperglycinemia , hypoventilation, obesity, organic acidemia,

Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic 1q21.1 deletion
Ophthalmologic 1q21.1 deletion
Overdose/Toxicity Barium, disopyramide toxicity,
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary 1q21.1 deletion, aberrant subclavian artery abnormality, achondroplasia, acromegaly, adenoid hypertrophy, adult respiratory distress syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anemia of prematurity, Apert syndrome, apnea of prematurity, asthma, ataxic respiration, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, biot's respiration, brain stem injury, brain tumor, bronchial rupture, bronchiolitis,bronchospasm, brun's syndrome, central sleep apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, chondrodystrophy, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, cyanotic congenital heart disease, delayed sleep phase syndrome, diabetic autonomic neuropathy, diffuse pneumonia, flail chest, floppy eyelid syndrome, foreign body aspiration, Gaucher's disease, glycine encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, head trauma, hemothorax, hunter syndrome, hurler syndrome, hypercapnia, infant respiratory distress syndrome, Joubert syndrome, Klippel-Feil syndrome, laryngomalacia, leukomalacia, Marfan syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, medullary hemorrhage, medullary infarction, mucus plug, nasal congestion, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, open chest wounds, oropharyngeal papillomatosis, [[osteopetrosis],parenchymal lung disease, periodic limb movement disorder, Pickwickian syndrome, Pierre Robin sequence, pneumothorax, polycystic ovary syndrome, polyposis, pontine hemorrhage, post-traumatic stress disorder, Prader-Willi syndrome, prenatal asphyxia, pulmonary atresia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, REM sleep, respiratory acidosis, respiratory syncytial viral infection, restless legs syndrome, Rett syndrome, rhinitis, right ventricular hypertrophy, SADDAN, secondary hypertension, seizures, septal dislocation, septal hematoma, septicemia, shock, sickle cell disease, sleep deprivation, smoking, spinal cord injury, sudden infant death syndrome, toxidrome, tracheal rupture, transtentorial herniation, Treacher Collins syndrome, trisomy 13, turbinate hypertrophy, upper airway obstruction, upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS), vocal cord paralysis, Werdnig-Hoffman disease,
Renal/Electrolyte 1q21.1 deletion
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Head trauma, near drowning, septal dislocation, septal hematoma, tracheal rupture,
Urologic Trisomy 13
Miscellaneous Breastfeeding, near drowning, smoking,

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References

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