Hemorrhoids pathophysiology
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The pathophysiology of hemorrhoids include genetic predisposition (weak rectal vein walls and/or valves), straining during bowel movements, and too much pressure on the rectal veins due to poor muscle tone or poor posture. Similarly, sitting for prolonged periods of time can cause hemorrhoids. Hypertension, particularly in the portal vein, can also cause hemorrhoids because of the connections between the portal vein and the vena cava which occur in the rectal wall - known as portocaval anastomoses.[1]
Additional factors that can influence the course of hemorrhoids (mostly by increasing rectal vein pressure), especially for those with a genetic predisposition, are obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.
Increased straining during bowel movements, (e.g. constipation, diarrhea) may lead to hemorrhoids. [2]
Pregnancy causes hypertension and increases strain during bowel movements, and thus hemorrhoids are often associated with pregnancy.
Excessive consumption of alcohol or caffeine can both cause hemorrhoids.[3] Both can cause diarrhea. Alcohol can also cause alcoholic liver disease leading to portal hypertension. Caffeine on the other hand can cause general hypertension.
References
- ↑ "Causes of Hemorrhoids". Mayo Clinic. Nov 28, 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
- ↑ Harms R (Nov 3, 2007). "Hemorrhoids during pregnancy: Treatment options". MayoClinic. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
- ↑ Burney RE (November 2005). "Hemorrhoids". University of Michigan Health System. Retrieved 2007-11-28.