Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]

Synonyms and keywords: LAP

Overview

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found within white blood cells. The blood level of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is measured in order to help in the diagnosis of certain conditions. Higher levels of the enzyme are seen in polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, primary myelofibrosis and leukemoid reaction. Lower levels are found in chronic myelogenous leukemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and acute myelogenous leukemia.

Causes of Increased Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase

Common causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Atrial fibrillation, Giant cell arteritis, Hemorrhagic shock, Ischemic colitis, Myocardial infarction, Pericarditis, Subacute endocarditis, Vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning	Camphor, Lead, Lithium, Mercury, Pyrogallol, Snakebite, Turpentine
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	All-trans retinoic acid, Arsphenamine, Catecholamines , Corticosteroids, Dapsone, Digitalis, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Oral contraceptives, Phenacetin, Quinidine, Sulfa drugs
Ear Nose Throat	Tonsillitis
Endocrine	Cushing disease, Diabetes, Diabetic coma, Diabetic ketoacidosis
Environmental	Heatstroke
Gastroenterologic	Appendicitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Gastric carcinoma, Hepatic necrosis, Ischemic colitis, Liver abscess, Liver fluke
Genetic	Congenital Asplenia, Congenital neutropenia , Down syndrome, Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Fanconi anemia, Hereditary neutrophilia, Hyposplenism, Klinefelter syndrome, Kostmann's syndrome, Leukocyte adhesion factor deficiency, Pelger-huet anomaly, Rac mutation
Hematologic	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Acute myelogenous leukemia, Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, Aplastic anemia, *chronic neutrophilic leukemia, Essential thrombocytopenia, Fanconi anemia, Hairy cell leukemia, Hemarthrosis, Hemolysis, Hemoperitoneum, Hemorrhagic shock, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Infectious mononucleosis , Megaloblastic anemia, Multiple myeloma, Myelofibrosis, Pelger-huet anomaly, Polycythemia vera
Iatrogenic	Blood transfusion, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Post spleenectomy , Vaccination
Infectious Disease	Actinomyces, Burkholderia mallei , Cellulitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Clostridium difficile, Coccidioides immitis, Escherichia coli, Herpes zoster, Infectious mononucleosis , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Liver abscess, Liver fluke, Malaria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Osteomyelitis, Otitis media, Pelvic abscess, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Perinephric abscess, Pertussis, Plague, Poliomyelitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pyelonephritis, Rabies, Rheumatic disease, Rickettsia, Salmonella typhi, Salpingitis, Sepsis, Septic arthritis, Smallpox, Spirochetes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Subacute endocarditis, Tonsillitis, Varicella, Visceral larva migrans
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Septic arthritis
Neurologic	Eclampsia, Epidural hemorrhage, Intra cerebral hemorrhage, Pre eclampsia, Subdural hemorrhage
Nutritional/Metabolic	Diabetic coma, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Uremia
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Cesarean delivery, Eclampsia, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, Salpingitis
Oncologic	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Acute myelogenous leukemia, Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, Bronchogenic carcinoma , Gastric carcinoma, Hairy cell leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Paraneoplastic phenomenon , Renal carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Chronic anxiety state, Depression, Panic disorders, Posttraumatic stress disorder
Pulmonary	Bronchogenic carcinoma , Hemoperitoneum, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Renal/Electrolyte	Perinephric abscess, Pyelonephritis, Renal carcinoma, Renal insufficiency
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Acute gout, Giant cell arteritis, Rheumatic disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, Vasculitis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Burns, Epidural hemorrhage, Hemarthrosis, Hemoperitoneum, Intra cerebral hemorrhage, Major tissue injury, Subdural hemorrhage
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia, Cigarette smoking, Emotional stress, Insect venoms, Physical stress, Vigorous exercise

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Causes of Decreased Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase^[3]^[4]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[1] Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016

[2] Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

[3] Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016

[4] Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

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Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

Contents

Overview

Causes of Increased Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase

Common causes

Causes by Organ System

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Causes of Decreased Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase^[3]^[4]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

Navigation menu

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

Overview

Causes of Increased Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase

Common causes

Causes by Organ System

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Causes of Decreased Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase[3][4]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

Navigation menu

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Causes of Decreased Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase^[3]^[4]