WBR0135
Author | PageAuthor::Gonzalo Romero |
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Exam Type | ExamType::USMLE Step 2 CK |
Main Category | MainCategory::Internal medicine |
Sub Category | SubCategory::Allergy/Immunology, SubCategory::Respiratory |
Prompt | [[Prompt::A 50 year-old African American woman comes due to a 6-month history of dry cough. At first she thought it was an allergic reaction considering her daughter’s boyfriend recently gave a cat to her daughter. Despite intensive cleaning methods in the house, avoiding touching the cat and staying away from the cat, the cough persisted; therefore she decided to go to her primary care physician. Upon interrogation the patient states that she has been feeling fatigued during the last 4 months. She has had red and painful nodules on her shins for the last 4 weeks. Her family history is significant for autoimmune disease on her maternal side. Upon physical examination her vitals are WNL. Upon chest auscultation she has dry rales. Her lower extremities show multiple bluish-erythematous nodules, tender to palpation on her shins, varying from 3 to 5 cm in diameter. The physician orders CXR shown down below. The physician orders a blood tests in order to confirm the clinical suspicion. Which of the following is a direct function of the substance increased in this patient’s serum?]] |
Answer A | AnswerA::Angiotensinogen transformation |
Answer A Explanation | AnswerAExp::Incorrect, because Renin, secreted by the kidney JG cells, transforms Angiotensinogen (secreted from the liver) into Angiotensinogen I. |
Answer B | AnswerB::ADH secretion |
Answer B Explanation | AnswerBExp::Incorrect, because AT-II (Angiotensin II) increases the ADH secretion directly. |
Answer C | AnswerC::Bradykinin degradation |
Answer C Explanation | AnswerCExp::Correct. ACE degrades Bradykinin, which is a potent vasodilator. |
Answer D | AnswerD::Angiotensin II degradation |
Answer D Explanation | [[AnswerDExp::Incorrect. Angiotensin II is degraded to angiotensin III by angiotensinases located in red blood cells and the vascular beds of most tissues. It has a half-life in circulation of around 30 seconds, whereas, in tissue, it may be as long as 15–30 minutes.]] |
Answer E | AnswerE::Angiotensin I formation |
Answer E Explanation | AnswerEExp::Incorrect. Renin, secreted by the kidney JG cells, transforms Angiotensinogen (secreted from the liver) into Angiotensinogen I. |
Right Answer | RightAnswer::A |
Explanation | [[Explanation::this 50 year-old African American woman is presenting with classical clinical symptoms and signs of Sarcoidosis, which is an autoimmune chronic granulomatous disease. This patient on physical exam has erythema nodosum, which is associated with sarcoidosis. The CXR demonstrates a bilateral hiliar lymphadenopathy with minor increase in interstitial markings. She has been complaining of fatigue due to the increased levels of TNF.
Educational objective: Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune disease that causes increased serum levels of ACE, which degrades bradykinin (a potent vasodilator) and converts Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II. |
Approved | Approved::Yes |
Keyword | |
Linked Question | Linked:: |
Order in Linked Questions | LinkedOrder:: |