High chylomicron remnant causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Once triglyceride stores are distributed, the chylomicron returns APOC2 to the HDL (but keeps APOE), and, thus, becomes a chylomicron remnant. APOB48 and APOE are important to identify the chylomicron remnant in the liver for endocytosis and breakdown. The high chylomicron remnants could either be due to conditions that affect liver metabolism or genetic conditions as in type I and type V hyperlipoproteinemia or secondary to conditions such as chronic renal failure, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
- Alcoholism
- Chronic renal failure
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypothyroidism
- Oral contraceptives
- Pregnancy
- Thiazide diuretics
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Antiretroviral therapy, atypical antipsychotics, glucocorticoids, heparin, isotretinoin, oral contraceptives, tamoxifen, thiazide diuretics |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | Diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Acute pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatitis, hereditary hemochromatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), Wilson's disease |
| Genetic | Familial hypertriglyceridemia, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, galactosemia, glycogen storage disease type I, glycogen storage disease type IV, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, mixed hyperlipoproteinemia, type 1C hyperlipoproteinemia, tyrosinaemia type 1 |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Dialysis |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | Familial hypertriglyceridemia, glycogen storage disease type I, glycogen storage disease type IV, high carbohydrate diet, high saturated fat diet, isolated low HDL, lipoprotein lipase deficiency |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | Pregnancy |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | Acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Autoimmune hyperchylomicronemia [1] |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Alcoholism |
Causes by Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Yoshimura, T.; Ito, M.; Sakoda, Y.; Kobori, S.; Okamura, H. (1998). "Rare case of autoimmune hyperchylomicronemia during pregnancy". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 76 (1): 49–51. PMID 9481547. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Weintraub M, Burstein A, Rassin T, Liron M, Ringel Y, Cabili S; et al. (1992). "Severe defect in clearing postprandial chylomicron remnants in dialysis patients". Kidney Int. 42 (5): 1247–52. PMID 1453610.
- ↑ Ito M, Takamatsu J, Matsuo T, Kameoka K, Kubota S, Fukata S; et al. (2003). "Serum concentrations of remnant-like particles in hypothyroid patients before and after thyroxine replacement". Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 58 (5): 621–6. PMID 12699445.
- ↑ Benjó AM, Maranhão RC, Coimbra SR, Andrade AC, Favarato D, Molina MS; et al. (2006). "Accumulation of chylomicron remnants and impaired vascular reactivity occur in subjects with isolated low HDL cholesterol: effects of niacin treatment". Atherosclerosis. 187 (1): 116–22. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.025. PMID 16458316.
- ↑ Brasaemle DL, Cornely-Moss K, Bensadoun A (1993). "Hepatic lipase treatment of chylomicron remnants increases exposure of apolipoprotein E." J Lipid Res. 34 (3): 455–65. PMID 8468529.