Low VLDL causes

	Very Low Density Lipoprotein Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Inherited disorders of lipoprotein metabolism like abetalipoproteinemia and lipid lowering medications and diet are usually associated with low VLDL levels.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Pyrethroid insecticides

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	Pyrethroid insecticides
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Cilostazol, cistanche tubulosa, clofibrate, colestyramine, docosahexaenoic acid, doxazosin, nicotinic acid, prazosin, probucol, statins
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Hawthorn fruit, ketogenic diet, malnutrition, resveratrol
Gastroenterologic	Celiac disease, chronic liver disease, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, intestinal lymphangiectasia, liver failure, portosystemic shunts, protein losing enteropathy, short bowel syndrome
Genetic	Abetalipoproteinemia, apolipoprotein B deficiency, Bassen-Kornzweig disease, cystic fibrosis, deficiency of proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9, familial alphalipoprotein deficiency, familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, hyperlipoproteinemia familial type 5, hypobetalipoproteinemia, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, mutations of the MTTP gene, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Portosystemic shunts, short bowel syndrome
Infectious Disease	Giardiasis, hepatitis C
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Parkinson's disease
Nutritional/Metabolic	Abetalipoproteinemia, apolipoprotein B deficiency, Bassen-Kornzweig disease, familial alphalipoprotein deficiency, familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, fish oil, hyperlipoproteinemia familial type 5, hypobetalipoproteinemia, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, mutations of the MTTP gene, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Malignancy
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Amyloidosis, autoimmune diseases, celiac disease, Sjögren's syndrome
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Exercise

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ Kim HJ, Moon JH, Kim HM, Yun MR, Jeon BH, Lee B; et al. (2013). "The hypolipidemic effect of cilostazol can be mediated by regulation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) expression". Metabolism. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.006. PMID 24139096.
↑ Xiong W, Gu L, Wang C, Sun H, Liu X (2013). "Anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Cistanche tubulosa in type 2 diabetic db/db mice". J Ethnopharmacol. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.027. PMID 24095831.
↑ Maitin V, Andreo U, Guo L, Fisher EA (2013). "Docosahexaenoic Acid Impairs the Maturation of Very Low Density Lipoproteins in Rat Hepatic Cells". J Lipid Res. doi:10.1194/jlr.M043026. PMID 24136824.
↑ Søndergaard E, Poulsen MK, Jensen MD, Nielsen S (2013). "Acute changes in lipoprotein subclasses during exercise". Metabolism. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.011. PMID 24075739.
↑ Zhang Y, Zhang L, Geng Y, Geng Y (2013). "Hawthorn Fruit Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Improving the Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Activities in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice". J Atheroscler Thromb. PMID 24126122.
↑ Rojas A, Del Campo JA, Maraver M, Aparcero R, García-Valdecasas M, Diago M; et al. (2013). "Hepatitis C virus infection alters lipid metabolism depending on IL28B polymorphism and viral genotype and modulates gene expression in vivo and in vitro". J Viral Hepat. doi:10.1111/jvh.12209. PMID 24188401.
↑ Scanu, AM.; Aggerbeck, LP.; Kruski, AW.; Lim, CT.; Kayden, HJ. (1974). "A study of the abnormal lipoproteins in abetalipoproteinemia". J Clin Invest. 53 (2): 440–53. doi:10.1172/JCI107578. PMID 11344558. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Welty, FK.; Mittleman, MA.; Wilson, PW.; Sutherland, PA.; Matheney, TH.; Lipinska, I.; Muller, JE.; Levy, D.; Tofler, GH. (1997). "Hypobetalipoproteinemia is associated with low levels of hemostatic risk factors in the Framingham offspring population". Circulation. 95 (4): 825–30. PMID 9054738. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Wei Q, Wang H, Tian Y, Xu F, Chen X, Wang K (2013). "Reduced serum levels of triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in Parkinson's disease patients". PLoS One. 8 (9): e75743. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075743. PMC 3784418. PMID 24086623.
↑ Liang YJ, Wang HP, Long DX, Li W, Wu YJ (2013). "A metabonomic investigation of the effects of 60days exposure of rats to two types of pyrethroid insecticides". Chem Biol Interact. 206 (2): 302–308. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2013.10.002. PMID 24121187.
↑ Dash S, Xiao C, Morgantini C, Szeto L, Lewis GF (2013). "High-Dose Resveratrol Treatment for 2 Weeks Inhibits Intestinal and Hepatic Lipoprotein Production in Overweight/Obese Men". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.302342. PMID 24072699.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid24139096-1] Kim HJ, Moon JH, Kim HM, Yun MR, Jeon BH, Lee B; et al. (2013). "The hypolipidemic effect of cilostazol can be mediated by regulation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) expression". Metabolism. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.006. PMID 24139096.

[pmid24095831-2] Xiong W, Gu L, Wang C, Sun H, Liu X (2013). "Anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Cistanche tubulosa in type 2 diabetic db/db mice". J Ethnopharmacol. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.027. PMID 24095831.

[pmid24136824-3] Maitin V, Andreo U, Guo L, Fisher EA (2013). "Docosahexaenoic Acid Impairs the Maturation of Very Low Density Lipoproteins in Rat Hepatic Cells". J Lipid Res. doi:10.1194/jlr.M043026. PMID 24136824.

[pmid24075739-4] Søndergaard E, Poulsen MK, Jensen MD, Nielsen S (2013). "Acute changes in lipoprotein subclasses during exercise". Metabolism. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.011. PMID 24075739.

[pmid24126122-5] Zhang Y, Zhang L, Geng Y, Geng Y (2013). "Hawthorn Fruit Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Improving the Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Activities in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice". J Atheroscler Thromb. PMID 24126122.

[pmid24188401-6] Rojas A, Del Campo JA, Maraver M, Aparcero R, García-Valdecasas M, Diago M; et al. (2013). "Hepatitis C virus infection alters lipid metabolism depending on IL28B polymorphism and viral genotype and modulates gene expression in vivo and in vitro". J Viral Hepat. doi:10.1111/jvh.12209. PMID 24188401.

[Scanu-1974-7] Scanu, AM.; Aggerbeck, LP.; Kruski, AW.; Lim, CT.; Kayden, HJ. (1974). "A study of the abnormal lipoproteins in abetalipoproteinemia". J Clin Invest. 53 (2): 440–53. doi:10.1172/JCI107578. PMID 11344558. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Welty-1997-8] Welty, FK.; Mittleman, MA.; Wilson, PW.; Sutherland, PA.; Matheney, TH.; Lipinska, I.; Muller, JE.; Levy, D.; Tofler, GH. (1997). "Hypobetalipoproteinemia is associated with low levels of hemostatic risk factors in the Framingham offspring population". Circulation. 95 (4): 825–30. PMID 9054738. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid24086623-9] Wei Q, Wang H, Tian Y, Xu F, Chen X, Wang K (2013). "Reduced serum levels of triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in Parkinson's disease patients". PLoS One. 8 (9): e75743. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075743. PMC 3784418. PMID 24086623.

[pmid24121187-10] Liang YJ, Wang HP, Long DX, Li W, Wu YJ (2013). "A metabonomic investigation of the effects of 60days exposure of rats to two types of pyrethroid insecticides". Chem Biol Interact. 206 (2): 302–308. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2013.10.002. PMID 24121187.

[pmid24072699-11] Dash S, Xiao C, Morgantini C, Szeto L, Lewis GF (2013). "High-Dose Resveratrol Treatment for 2 Weeks Inhibits Intestinal and Hepatic Lipoprotein Production in Overweight/Obese Men". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.302342. PMID 24072699.

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v t e Lipopedia
Basic Science	Cholesterol • Triglyceride Lipoprotein metabolism and transport Lipoprotein: Chylomicron • Chylomicron remnant • HDL • IDL • LDL • Lipoprotein(a) • VLDL • Lipoprotein-X Apolipoprotein: APOA (1, 2, 4, 5) • APOB ( Apolipoprotein B-48, Apolipoprotein B-100) • APOC (1, 2, 3, 4) • APOD • APOE • APOH • APOJ • APOL • APOM • Apo(a) Lipoprotein receptor: LDL receptor • Soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (sLRP) • Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 • Scavenger receptor • Scavenger receptor A • Scavenger receptor B • VLDL receptor Lipoprotein enzymes: Lipoprotein lipase • Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) • Cholesterylester transfer protein ( Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase, Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1 Genes: Low density lipoprotein receptor gene family • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1
Lipoprotein Disorders	Lipoprotein disorders Primary lipoprotein disorders: Familial hyperchylomicronemia (Type I) • Familial hypercholesterolemia (Type IIA) • Familial combined hyperlipidemia (Type IIB) • Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III) • Primary hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV) • Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia (Type V) Secondary lipoprotein disorders
Abnormal Laboratory Lipid Profile	Low chylomicron • Low chylomicron remnant • Low HDL • Low IDL • Low LDL • Low lipoprotein(a) • Low VLDL High chylomicron • High chylomicron remnant • High HDL • High IDL • High LDL • High Lipoprotein(a) • High VLDL