IMPROVE bleeding risk score

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]

IMPROVE Bleeding Risk Score

Calculation of the IMPROVE Bleeding Risk Score

Variable	Score
Active gastric or duodenal ulcer	4.5
Prior bleeding within the last 3 months	4
Thrombocytopenia (<50x109/L)	4
Age ≥ 85 years	3.5
Liver failure (INR>1.5)	2.5
Severe kidney failure (GFR< 30 mL/min/m2)	2.5
Admission to ICU or CCU	2.5
Central venous catheter	2
Rheumatic disease	2
Active malignancy	2
Age: 40-84 years	1.5
Male	1
Moderate kidney failure (GFR: 30-59 mL/min/m2)	1

Interpretation of the IMPROVE Bleeding Risk Score

The IMPROVE risk score for bleeding can be interpreted as such:

• Score ≥7: Elevated risk of bleeding
• Score <7: Not elevated risk of bleeding