Hepatitis D history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [2]; João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3] Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [4]
Overview
History
Part of the initial evaluation for HDV infection includes a thorough patient history focusing on potential modes and timing of infection. Aspects covered in the patient's history include:[1]
- Exposure to blood and/or blood products
- Injection drug use(IDU)
- Sexual exposure
- Occupational exposure
- Recent history of invasive procedures performed in non-hospital health care settings, including hemodialysis centers and long-term care facilities[2]
Chronic HDV
In chronic HDV, history taking includes obtaining information regarding factors associated with the progression of liver disease.[3] The following aspects should be covered:[3][1]
- Risk factors for coinfection with HDV, HCV, and HIV
- Family history of liver disease and HCC
- Medication history
- Smoking status
- Alcohol consumption
- Drug abuse
- Sexual activity
- Antiretroviral drug regimen if coinfected with HIV(to assess potential for treatment resistance)
Patients from Areas of High Endemicity
History taking among immigrants from regions with a high prevalence of HBV should include questions regarding family history of acute and/or chronic liver disease, rituals in which shared and non-sterile instruments were used such as scarification and piercing, and traditional medical procedures.[1]
Symptoms of hepatitis D are similar to those of hepatitis B. The onset of symptoms is usually abrupt, and jaundice usually develops after the symptoms have disappeared.
Symptoms
- Jaundice
- Fatigue
- Abdominal Pain
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea, Vomiting
- Joint pain
- Dark (tea colored) urine [5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rotman Y, Brown TA, Hoofnagle JH (2009). "Evaluation of the patient with hepatitis B." Hepatology. 49 (5 Suppl): S22–7. doi:10.1002/hep.22976. PMC 2881483. PMID 19399815.
- ↑ Thompson ND, Perz JF, Moorman AC, Holmberg SD (2009). "Nonhospital health care-associated hepatitis B and C virus transmission: United States, 1998-2008". Ann Intern Med. 150 (1): 33–9. PMID 19124818.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lok AS, McMahon BJ (2009). "Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009". Hepatology. 50 (3): 661–2. doi:10.1002/hep.23190. PMID 19714720.