Salmonellosis pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Pathophysiology
The pathogenesis of Salmonella infection varies between different species and depends on the interaction of multiple virulence programs with host defense mechanisms. These interactions occur in different tissues and at various stages of infection leading to variable host morbidity and mortality.[1] Salmonella enterica serovar Typhy(S. Typhi) and Salmonella Paratyphi A both cause bacteremia. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) usually cause self-limiting diarrhea although NTS may lead to secondary bacteremia. Immunocompromised individuals and infants in sub-Saharan Africa may develop primary NTS bacteremia.[2]
Transmission
Salmonella bacteria are widely distributed in domestic and wild animals. They are prevalent in food animals such as poultry, pigs, cattle; and in pets, including cats and dogs, birds and reptiles such as turtles. Salmonella can pass through the entire food chain from animal feed, primary production, and all the way to households or food-service establishments and institutions. Salmonellosis in humans is generally contracted through the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin (mainly eggs, meat, poultry and milk), although other foods, including green vegetables contaminated by manure, have been implicated in its transmission. Person-to-person transmission through the faecal-oral route can also occur. Human cases also occur where individuals have contact with infected animals, including pets. These infected animals often do not show signs of disease.[3]
References
- ↑ Coburn B, Grassl GA, Finlay BB (2007). "Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review". Immunol Cell Biol. 85 (2): 112–8. doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100007. PMID 17146467.
- ↑ de Jong HK, Parry CM, van der Poll T, Wiersinga WJ (2012). "Host-pathogen interaction in invasive Salmonellosis". PLoS Pathog. 8 (10): e1002933. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002933. PMC 3464234. PMID 23055923.
- ↑ "Salmonella(non-typhoidal)".