Salmonellosis medical therapy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2] Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [3]
Overview
Medical Therapy
Treatment of salmonellosis is often symptomatic, with electrolyte replacement and rehydration. Mild cases of salmonelloses usually resolve within 5 to 7 days. Patients with severe cases of the disease may require rehydration, often with intravenous fluids. Antibiotic treatment is not indicated, unless the patient becomes severely dehydrated or septicemia occurs.[1]
Salmonellosis commonly presents with unspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Antibiotic treatment of infectious diarrhea is considered controversial because:[2]
- Symptoms may be caused by different types of enteric pathogens, which makes the initial treatment of severe cases often "empiric"
- Antibiotic treatment of non-typhoidal salmonellosis prolongs shedding of the bacteria in feces.
Antibiotic Therapy
Antibiotic therapy is indicated for patients with severe cases of the disease, and for those with risk factors of extra intestinal infection, such as:
- Infants and elderly
- Patients with pernicious anemia
- Patients taking H2 blockers and antacids
- Changes in endogenous bowel flora, in:
- Surgery
- Recent antibiotic treatment
- Diabetes
- HIV infection
- Malignancy
- Rheumatological diseases
- Blockage of reticuloendothelial system
- Immunosuppressive therapy
References
- ↑ "Salmonella (non-typhoidal)".
- ↑ Hohmann EL (2001). "Nontyphoidal salmonellosis". Clin Infect Dis. 32 (2): 263–9. doi:10.1086/318457. PMID 11170916.