Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder risk factors
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]
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Differentiating Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder from other Diseases |
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Overview
Risk factors for ADHD include child abuse, infections and neglect among others.[1]
Risk Factors
- Alcohol exposure in utero
- Child abuse
- Diet
- Low birth weight (less than 1,500 grams)
- Smoking during pregnancy
- Neglect
- Multiple foster placements
- Neurotoxin exposure (e.g., lead)
- Infections (e.g., encephalitis),
- First-degree biological relatives of individuals with ADHD
- Visual and hearing impairments
- Metabolic abnormalities
- Sleep disorders
- Nutritional deficiencies
- epilepsy
- Reduced behavioral inhibition,
- Effortful control,or constraint;
- Negative emotionality; and/or elevated novelty seeking.
References
- ↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.