HIV AIDS physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Physical Examination

Appearance of the patient

The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may be completely asymptomatic or be ill-looking and/or malnourished. The patient have fever, nightsweats, weight loss, sleep disturbance, adenopathy, frailty.

Vitals

Temperature

• Fever can be present

Pulse

• Tachycardia

Blood pressure

Hypotension

Respiratory rate

Tachypnea can be seen during fever and respiratory tract infections

Skin

• Folliculitis
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Psoriasis
• Kaposi Sarcoma
• Fungal infections
• Skin lesions

Eyes

• Change in vision is a common aspect.
• The patient may see flashes of light sometime.
• Blurry vision
• Double vision or loss of vision can occur.
• Retinal lesions
• Yellow or white discoloration
• Retinal hemorrhage
• Retinal infiltrates

Head

• Headache
• Tenderness of sinuses

Nose

• Nasal congestion
• Inflammation of nasal turbinates

Ears

• Hearing loss
• Unilateral or bilateral deafness
• Discharge from ears

Throat

• Dental pain
• Peridontal disease
• Oral herpes simplex leisions
• Oral thrush
• Difficulty in mastigation
• Dysphagia
• Odynophagia
• Halitosis

Lungs

• Cough
• Hemoptysis
• Dyspnea
• Rales
• Rhonchi
• Dullness to percussion
• Increased vocal fremitus
• Increased tactile fremitus

Cardiovascular system

• Chest pain
• Palpitation
• Dyspnea
• Heart murmur

Abdomen

• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Rectal bleeding
• Consipation
• Hemorrhoids
• Hepatomegaly
• Spleenomegaly
• Rebound tenderness

Genito-urinary

• Vaginal or urethral discharge
• Vaginal pain
• Dysuria
• Rectal pain
• Increased urinary frequency

Extremities

• Muscle wasting
• Muscle weakness
• Muscle pain
• Joint swelling

Central nervous system

• Behavoural changes
• Tingling sensation of extremities
• Burning sensation of extremities
• Gait disturbances