AIDS defining clinical condition
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS [2]
Overview
AIDS defining clinical conditions is the terminology given to a list of diseases published by the United States government run Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This list governs the U.S. government classification of HIV disease. This is to allow the government to handle epidemic statistics and define who receives US government assistance.
Considerable variation exists in the relative risk of death following different AIDS defining clinical conditions.
Definition
AIDS Case Definition |
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According to the CDC definition, a patient has AIDS if he or she is infected with HIV and presents with one of the following: |
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If a patient presents with one of the above conditions but with a negative HIV test, he or she will not normally be considered to have AIDS. However, an AIDS diagnosis may be given if the patient has had Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, and one of the following conditions: |
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AIDS Defining Conditions
In 1993, the CDC added pulmonary tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia, and invasive cervical cancer to the list of clinical conditions in the AIDS surveillance case definition published in 1987 and expanded the AIDS surveillance case definition to include all HIV-infected persons with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells/uL or a CD4+ percentage of less than 14. Considerable variation exists in the relative risk of death following different AIDS defining clinical conditions.
1987 definition
- Candidiasis of bronchi, trachea, or lungs
- Candidiasis esophageal
- Coccidioidomycosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary
- Cryptococcosis, extrapulmonary
- Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal for longer than 1 month
- Cytomegalovirus disease (other than liver, spleen or lymph nodes)
- Cytomegalovirus retinitis (with loss of vision)
- Encephalopathy (HIV-related)
- Herpes simplex: chronic ulcer(s) (for more than 1 month); or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or esophagitis
- Histoplasmosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary
- Isosporiasis, chronic intestinal (for more than 1 month)
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- Lymphoma, Burkitt's
- Lymphoma, immunoblastic (or equivalent term)
- Lymphoma, primary, of brain
- Mycobacterium avium complex or Mycobacterium kansasii, disseminated or extrapulmonary
- Mycobacterium, other species, disseminated or extrapulmonary
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, any site (extrapulmonary)
- Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (formerly Pneumocystis carinii)
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- Salmonella septicemia (recurrent)
- Toxoplasmosis of the brain
- Tuberculosis, disseminated
- Wasting syndrome due to HIV
Added in 1993
- Cervical cancer (invasive)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, any site (pulmonary)
- Pneumonia (recurrent)
Children < 13 years
Additional conditions are included for children less than 13:[1]
- Bacterial infections, multiple or recurrent
- Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia or pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia complex
Comparison Between AIDS and HIV
The following table compares AIDS and HIV:
Parameter | AIDS | HIV |
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Definition | Most advance stage of HIV disease. A CD4 count of fewer than 200 cells/mm3 is one of the qualifications for a diagnosis of AIDS. It occurs when weakened immune system of the patient, due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus , developes one or more opportunistic infections. | HIV is a virus, harming the body’s immune system by attacking helper T cells or CD4 cells. |
Spread of infection | Only patients with HIV can develop AIDS | HIV can be spread through various ways; most notable being sexual intercourse, the exchange of certain body fluids (blood, pre-ejaculate, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk). |
Treatment | ART has only proved to be palliative rather being curative | ART can slow the progression from HIV to AIDS, and increase survival. Some researches have claimed to cure the disease [2], while others have a different opinion.[3] |
References
- ↑ Schneider E, Whitmore S, Glynn KM, Dominguez K, Mitsch A, McKenna MT (2008). "Revised surveillance case definitions for HIV infection among adults, adolescents, and children aged <18 months and for HIV infection and AIDS among children aged 18 months to <13 years--United States, 2008". MMWR Recomm Rep. 57 (RR-10): 1–12. PMID 19052530. Unknown parameter
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ignored (help) - ↑ Hütter G, Nowak D, Mossner M, Ganepola S, Müssig A, Allers K, Schneider T, Hofmann J, Kücherer C, Blau O, Blau IW, Hofmann WK, Thiel E (2009). "Long-term control of HIV by CCR5 Delta32/Delta32 stem-cell transplantation". N. Engl. J. Med. 360 (7): 692–8. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0802905. PMID 19213682. Retrieved 2012-03-02. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Levy JA (2009). "Not an HIV cure, but encouraging new directions". N. Engl. J. Med. 360 (7): 724–5. doi:10.1056/NEJMe0810248. PMID 19213687. Retrieved 2012-03-02. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help)
- CDC. Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR 1987;36:1-15S.
- CDC. 1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents and Adults
- AIDS info
- Disease progression and survival following specific AIDS-defining conditions: a retrospective cohort study of 2048 HIV-infected persons in London.