Superior vena cava syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]
Overview
Superior vena cava syndrome may be caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC) by neoplastic invasion of the venous wall associated with intravascular thrombosis, enlarged nodes, enlarged ascending aorta, or more simply, by extrinsic pressure of a tumor mass against the thin-walled superior vena cava (SVC).
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Superior vena cava syndrome is itself a life threatening medical emergency irrespective of the other causes.
Common Causes[1]
- Aortic aneurysm
- Bronchogenic carcinoma[2]
- Breast cancer
- Cystic hygroma
- Goiter
- Histoplasmosis
- Indwelling catheter
- Lung cancer[3]
- Lymphoma
- Non Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Small cell lung cancer
- Thymoma
- Tuberculosis
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Actinomycosis
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Adenocarcinoma of the lung
- Aortic aneurysm
- Aortic dissection
- Arteriovenous fistula
- Aspergillosis
- Atrial myxoma
- Atrial septal defect
- Behcet's disease
- Blastomycosis
- Blot clots in the superior vena cava
- Breast cancer
- Bronchogenic carcinoma
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- Cardiac arrest
- Congestive heart failure
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Cystic hygroma
- Dermoid cyst
- Esophageal cancer
- Esophageal varices
- Fibrosing mediastinitis
- Filariasis
- Goitre
- Good syndrome
- Histoplasmosis
- Hodgkin disease
- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Indwelling catheter
- Large B-cell lymphoma
- Large cell carcinoma of the lung
- Leiomyosarcomas
- Lung cancer
- Lymphoblastic lymphoma
- Lymphoma
- Malignancy
- Mediastinal fibrosis
- Mediastinal tumor
- Mediastinitis
- Mesothelioma
- Metastasis
- Mustard procedure
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Oat cell carcinoma
- Pacemakers
- Pancoast tumor
- Parenteral nutrition
- Pericarditis
- Plasmacytomas
- Pneumothorax
- Presence of central venous catheters
- Radiation therapy
- Renal cell carcinoma
- Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
- Sclerosing mediastinitis
- Sepsis
- Small cell lung cancer
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
- Syphilis
- Teratoma
- Testicular cancer
- Thrombophlebitis
- Thrombosis of the superior vena cava
- Thymic tumors
- Thymoma
- Thyroid cancer
- Transposition of the great vessels
- Tuberculosis
- Vasculitis
References
- ↑ Cohen R, Mena D, Carbajal-Mendoza R, Matos N, Karki N (2008). "Superior vena cava syndrome: A medical emergency?". Int J Angiol. 17 (1): 43–6. PMC 2728369. PMID 22477372.
- ↑ Reechaipichitkul W, Thongpaen S (2004). "Etiology and outcome of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction in adults". Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 35 (2): 453–7. PMID 15691155.
- ↑ Wudel LJ, Nesbitt JC (2001). "Superior vena cava syndrome". Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2 (1): 77–91. PMID 12057143.