Pralatrexate

{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage |authorTag=Alberto Plate [1] |genericName=Pralatrexate |aOrAn=an |drugClass=antimetabolite, antineoplastic agent |indicationType=treatment |indication=patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) |adverseReactions=edema, constipation, nausea, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, cough and fatigue |blackBoxWarningTitle=TITLE |blackBoxWarningBody=Condition Name: (Content) |offLabelAdultGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Pralatrexate in adult patients. |offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Pralatrexate in adult patients. |offLabelPedGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Pralatrexate in pediatric patients. |offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Pralatrexate in pediatric patients. |contraindications=None |warnings=====Bone Marrow Suppression====

• FOLOTYN can cause bone marrow suppression, manifested by thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and/or anemia. Monitor complete blood counts and omit and/or reduce the dose based on ANC and platelet count prior to each dose as outlined in Section 2.2 TABLE 2. Administer vitamin B12 and instruct patients to take folic acid to reduce the risk of treatment-related hematological toxicity.

Mucositis

• FOLOTYN can cause mucositis. Monitor for mucositis weekly and if ≥ Grade 2 mucositis is observed, omit and/or reduce the dose as outlined in Section 2.2 TABLE 1. Administer vitamin B12 and instruct patients to take folic acid to reduce the risk of mucositis.

Dermatologic Reactions

• FOLOTYN can cause severe dermatologic reactions, which may result in death. These dermatologic reactions have been reported in clinical studies (14/663 patients [2.1%]) and post marketing experience, and have included skin exfoliation, ulceration, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). They may be progressive and increase in severity with further treatment, and may involve skin and subcutaneous sites of known lymphoma. Monitor patients with dermatologic reactions closely, and if severe, withhold or discontinue FOLOTYN.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

• FOLOTYN can cause tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). Monitor patients who are at increased risk of TLS and treat promptly.

Hepatic Toxicity

• FOLOTYN can cause hepatic toxicity and liver function test abnormalities. Persistent liver function test abnormalities may be indicators of hepatic toxicity and require dose modification or discontinuation. Monitor liver function tests. Omit dose until recovery, adjust or discontinue therapy based on the severity of the hepatic toxicity.

Risk of Increased Toxicity in the Presence of Impaired Renal Function

• Patients with moderate to severe renal function impairment may be at greater risk for increased exposure and toxicity. Monitor patients for renal function and systemic toxicity and adjust dosing accordingly.
• Serious adverse drug reactions including toxic epidermal necrolysis and mucositis were reported in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing dialysis who were administered FOLOTYN therapy. Avoid FOLOTYN use in patients with end stage renal disease including those undergoing dialysis unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

• FOLOTYN can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. FOLOTYN was embryotoxic and fetotoxic in rats and rabbits. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.

|clinicalTrials=The following serious adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in the labeling:

• Bone Marrow Suppression
• Mucositis
• Dermatologic Reactions
• Tumor Lysis Syndrome
• Hepatic Toxicity

The most common adverse reactions observed in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) treated with FOLOTYN were mucositis, thrombocytopenia, nausea, and fatigue.

Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of FOLOTYN was evaluated in 111 PTCL patients in a single-arm clinical study in which patients received a starting dose of 30 mg/m2 once weekly for 6 weeks in 7-week cyc

Most Frequent Adverse Reactions

TABLE 4 summarizes the most frequent adverse reactions, regardless of causality, using the National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE, version 3.0).

Serious Adverse Events

• Forty-four percent of patients (n = 49) experienced a serious adverse event while on study or within 30 days after their last dose of FOLOTYN. The most common serious adverse events (> 3%), regardless of causality, were pyrexia, mucositis, sepsis, febrile neutropenia, dehydration, dyspnea, and thrombocytopenia. One death from cardiopulmonary arrest in a patient with mucositis and febrile neutropenia was reported in this trial. Deaths from mucositis, febrile neutropenia, sepsis, and pancytopenia occurred in 1.2% of patients treated on all FOLOTYN trials at doses ranging from 30 to 325 mg/m2.

Discontinuations

• Twenty-three percent of patients (n = 25) discontinued treatment with FOLOTYN due to adverse reactions. The adverse reactions reported most frequently as the reason for discontinuation of treatment were mucositis (6%, n = 7) and thrombocytopenia (5%, n = 5).

Dose Modifications

• The target dose of FOLOTYN was 30 mg/m2 once weekly for 6 weeks in 7-week cycles. The majority of patients (69%, n = 77) remained at the target dose for the duration of treatment. Overall, 85% of scheduled doses were administered.

|postmarketing=Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Dermatologic Reactions

• Toxic epidermal necrolysis, sometimes fatal, has been reported during post-marketing use of FOLOTYN. Fatal cases have been reported following the first dose of FOLOTYN, including when a reduced dose is given, and have been reported in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis.

|drugInteractions=*No formal clinical assessments of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between FOLOTYN and other drugs have been conducted. The effect of co-administration of the uricosuric drug probenecid (an inhibitor of multiple transporter systems including the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) efflux transporter) on pralatrexate pharmacokinetics was investigated in a Phase 1 clinical study. Co-administration of increasing doses of probenecid resulted in delayed clearance of pralatrexate and a commensurate increase in exposure.

• When administering FOLOTYN to patients receiving probenecid or other drugs that may affect relevant transporter systems (eg, NSAIDs), monitor patients closely for signs of systemic toxicity due to increased drug exposure.

|FDAPregCat=D |useInPregnancyFDA=*FOLOTYN can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Pralatrexate was embryotoxic and fetotoxic in rats at IV doses of 0.06 mg/kg/day (0.36 mg/m2/day or about 1.2% of the clinical dose on a mg/m2 basis) given on gestation days 7 through 20. Treatment with pralatrexate caused a dose-dependent decrease in fetal viability manifested as an increase in late, early, and total resorptions. There was also a dose-dependent increase in post-implantation loss. In rabbits, IV doses of 0.03 mg/kg/day (0.36 mg/m2/day) or greater given on gestation days 8 through 21 also caused abortion and fetal lethality. This toxicity manifested as early and total resorptions, post-implantation loss, and a decrease in the total number of live fetuses. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. |useInNursing=*It is not known whether pralatrexate is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from this drug, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue FOLOTYN, taking into account the importance of FOLOTYN to the mother. |useInPed=*Pediatric patients were not included in clinical studies with FOLOTYN. The safety and effectiveness of FOLOTYN in pediatric patients have not been established. |useInGeri=*In the PTCL efficacy study, 36% of patients (n = 40) were 65 years of age and over. No overall differences in efficacy and safety were observed in patients based on age (< 65 years compared with ≥ 65 years). Due to the contribution of renal excretion to overall clearance of pralatrexate (approximately 34%), age-related decline in renal function may lead to a reduction in clearance and a commensurate increase in plasma exposure. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. Since elderly patients may be at higher risk, monitor more closely. Omit dose and subsequently adjust or discontinue therapy for exposure related toxicity. |useInRenalImpair=*The safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of FOLOTYN have not been evaluated in patients with renal impairment.

• The risk for toxicity may be greater when administering FOLOTYN to patients with moderate-to-severe impairment due to the contribution of renal excretion (approximately 34%) to the overall clearance of pralatrexate. Serious adverse drug reactions, including TEN and mucositis have been reported in patients with ESRD undergoing dialysis. Monitor patients for renal function and for systemic toxicity due to increased drug exposure and adjust dosing accordingly. Avoid the use of FOLOTYN in patients with end stage renal disease undergoing dialysis unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk.

|useInHepaticImpair=*The safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of FOLOTYN have not been evaluated in patients with hepatic impairment. Patients with the following laboratory values were excluded from the pralatrexate lymphoma clinical trials: total bilirubin > 1.5 mg/dL; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN); and AST or ALT > 5 × ULN if documented hepatic involvement with lymphoma. Treatment with FOLOTYN can cause hepatic toxicity and liver function test abnormalities. |overdose=*No specific information is available on the treatment of overdosage of FOLOTYN. If an overdose occurs, general supportive measures should be instituted as deemed necessary by the treating physician. Based on FOLOTYN's mechanism of action, consider the prompt administration of leucovorin. |drugBox={{Drugbox | Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 461750802 | IUPAC_name = N-(4-{1-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl]but-3-yn-1-yl}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid | image = Pralatrexate Structue.png | width = 300

| tradename = Folotyn | Drugs.com = Monograph | licence_US = Pralatrexate | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_US = | pregnancy_category = D | legal_AU = | legal_CA = | legal_UK = | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = Intravenous

| bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = | excretion =

| CAS_number_Ref =  ^N | CAS_number = 146464-95-1 | ATC_prefix = L01 | ATC_suffix = BA05 | PubChem = 148121 | DrugBank_Ref =  ^Y | DrugBank = | ChEBI_Ref =  ^N | ChEBI = 71223 | ChemSpiderID_Ref =  ^Y | ChemSpiderID = 130578 | UNII_Ref =  ^Y | UNII = A8Q8I19Q20 | ChEMBL_Ref =  ^N | ChEMBL = 1201746

| C=23 | H=23 | N=7 | O=5 | molecular_weight = 477.47 g/mol | smiles = O=C(O)[C@@H](NC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)C(CC#C)Cc2nc3c(nc2)nc(nc3N)N)CCC(=O)O | InChI = 1/C23H23N7O5/c1-2-3-14(10-15-11-26-20-18(27-15)19(24)29-23(25)30-20)12-4-6-13(7-5-12)21(33)28-16(22(34)35)8-9-17(31)32/h1,4-7,11,14,16H,3,8-10H2,(H,28,33)(H,31,32)(H,34,35)(H4,24,25,26,29,30)/t14?,16-/m0/s1 | InChIKey = OGSBUKJUDHAQEA-WMCAAGNKBV | StdInChI_Ref =  ^Y | StdInChI = 1S/C23H23N7O5/c1-2-3-14(10-15-11-26-20-18(27-15)19(24)29-23(25)30-20)12-4-6-13(7-5-12)21(33)28-16(22(34)35)8-9-17(31)32/h1,4-7,11,14,16H,3,8-10H2,(H,28,33)(H,31,32)(H,34,35)(H4,24,25,26,29,30)/t14?,16-/m0/s1 | StdInChIKey_Ref =  ^Y | StdInChIKey = OGSBUKJUDHAQEA-WMCAAGNKSA-N }}

|structure=

|alcohol=Alcohol-Pralatrexate interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication. }}

Pralatrexate

File:Pralatrexate.png
Identifiers
IUPAC name N-[4-[1-[(2,4-Diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl] -3-butynyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid
CAS Number	146464-95-1
PubChem CID	725808
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C23H23N7O5
Molar mass	477.47 g/mol

Pralatrexate (rINN), also known as 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin, common name PDX, is a drug candidate being studied for the treatment of cancer. PDX is a folate analog inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. As of July 2005, it is undergoing Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials for treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancer.

External links

• Allos Therapeutics Information on PDX