Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [2]
Overview
Acute respiratory distress syndrome may result from a wide variety of direct and indirect insults to the lung, but only a few common causes have been identified. These include: sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, pneumonia, severe trauma, e.t.c.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. This is a life-threatening condition with majority of patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
Common Causes
- Aspiration of gastric contents
- Drug overdoses e.g., Acetylsalicylic acid, narcotics
- Fat embolism
- Massive blood transfusion
- Near-drowning (fresh or salt water)
- Pancreatitis
- Pneumonia
- Sepsis (gram-positive/gram-negative bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites)
- Severe trauma
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | [[[Afatinib]], Crizotinib, Cytarabine, Filgastrim, Gemcitabine, Mitomycin, Sorafenib, Tbo-filgrastim |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | Acute eosinophilic pneumonia, inhalation injury, near-drowning, surface burns |
| Gastroenterologic | Pancreatitis |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | Fat embolism, massive blood transfusion |
| Iatrogenic | Bone marrow transplantation, cardiopulmonary bypass, massive blood transfusion |
| Infectious Disease | Acute eosinophilic pneumonia, ehrlichiosis , leptospirosis, malaria, miliary tuberculosis, pneumonia, sepsis, severe acute respiratory syndrome |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Decompression sickness, fat embolism, Guillain-Barré syndrome, venous air embolism |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | Amniotic fluid embolism |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | Acetylsalicylic acid, heroin, naloxone |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Acute eosinophilic pneumonia, Aspiration of gastric contents, cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis, decompression sickness, fat embolism, pneumonia, venous air embolism |
| Renal/Electrolyte | Uremia |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Anaphylaxis, bone marrow transplantation, leukoagglutin reactions |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Pulmonary contusion, severe trauma |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |