Acrocyanosis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Myocardial infarction
• Pulmonary embolism

Common Causes

• Arsenic poisoning
• Ethylmalonic encephalopathy
• Idiopathic
• Raynaud's phenomenon
• Scleroderma

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arsenic poisoning, atheromatous embolism, fucosidosis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension
Chemical / poisoning	Arsenic poisoning
Dermatologic	Acrocyanosis of infancy, anorexia nervosa, arsenic poisoning, black foot disease, Buerger's disease, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, fucosidosis, livedoid vasculopathy, remittent idiopathic necrotizing acrocyanosis, scleroderma, sulfhemoglobinemia, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, waldenström macroglobulinemia, wegener's granulomatosis
Drug Side Effect	Amphotericin B deoxycholate, butyl nitrate, imipramine, interferon 2 alpha
Ear Nose Throat	Wegener's granulomatosis, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Arsenic poisoning
Gastroenterologic	Anorexia nervosa, arsenic poisoning, atheromatous embolism, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, fucosidosis, scleroderma, waldenström macroglobulinemia
Genetic	Genetic
Hematologic	Antiphospholipid syndrome, cold agglutinin disease, cryoglobulinemia, essential thrombocytopenia, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, methemoglobinemia, secondary polycythemia, sulfhemoglobinemia, Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Antiphospholipid syndrome, brachial plexus neuropathy, Buerger's disease, erythromelalgia, fucosidosis, puffy hand syndrome, stroke, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Neurologic	Arsenic poisoning, atheromatous embolism, brachial plexus neuropathy, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, fucosidosis, spinal cord injury, stroke, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Nutritional / Metabolic	Anorexia nervosa, arsenic poisoning, atheromatous embolism
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Anorexia nervosa
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	Atheromatous embolism, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, Wegener's granulomatosis
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Anorexia nervosa, asperger disease, schizophrenia, Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome
Pulmonary	Arsenic poisoning, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, scleroderma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, Wegener's granulomatosis
Renal / Electrolyte	Atheromatous embolism, scleroderma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, Wegener's granulomatosis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Antiphospholipid syndrome, Buerger's disease, erythromelalgia, Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	Wegener's granulomatosis
Miscellaneous	Idiopathic, black foot disease

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acrocyanosis of infancy
• Adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome
• Amiodarone
• Amphotericin B deoxycholate
• Anorexia nervosa
• Antiphospholipid syndrome
• Arsenic poisoning
• Asperger disease
• Atheromatous embolism
• Black foot disease
• Brachial plexus neuropathy
• Buerger's disease
• Bulimia nervosa
• Burkitt's lymphoma
• Butyl nitrate
• Butyl nitrite
• Carcinoid syndrome
• Castleman's disease
• Cervical plexus compression neuropathy
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• Chronic orthostatic intolerance
• Cold agglutinin disease
• Cold exposure
• Congenital syphilis
• CREST syndrome
• Cryoglobulinemia
• Cytomegalovirus
• Desipramine
• DiGeorge syndrome
• Ergotism
• Erythromelalgia
• Essential thrombocytopenia
• Ethylmalonic aciduria
• Ethylmalonic encephalopathy

• Familial spastic paraplegia
• Fluoxetine
• Fucosidosis
• Gemcitabine
• Genetic
• High altitude
• HIV
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Hyperoxaluria type 1
• Idiopathic
• Imipramine
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Influenza virus infection
• Interferon 2 alpha
• Klippel-Feil syndrome
• Listeriosis
• Livedoid vasculopathy
• Malignancy
• Methemoglobinemia
• Metoclopramide
• Mitochondrial disease
• Mixed connective tissue disorder
• Mumps
• Mycoplasma
• Myocardial infarction
• Neurocirculatory asthenia
• Ovarian cancer
• Oxalosis
• Paraneoplastic disorder
• Paraproteinemia
• Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
• Parvovirus B19 infection
• Phenazopyridine
• Pickwickian syndrome
• POEMS syndrome

• Polycythemia
• Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
• Psittacosis
• Puffy hand syndrome
• Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
• Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
• Pulmonary embolism
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Raynaud's phenomenon
• Remittent idiopathic necrotizing acrocyanosis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Sandifer syndrome
• Scalenus anterior syndrome
• Schizophrenia
• Scleroderma
• Secondary polycythemia
• Secondary syphilis
• Sneddon syndrome
• Spinal cord injury
• Stroke
• Sulfhemoglobinemia
• Sulfhemoglobinemia
• Supernumerary cervical rib
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Systemic sclerosis
• Takayasu arteritis
• Thoracic outlet syndrome
• Tolazoline
• Tonic-clonic seizure
• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Van Bogaert-Hozay syndrome
• Vasopressors
• Vegetative dystonia
• Waldenström macroglobulinemia
• Wegener's granulomatosis