Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

  • Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1B
  • Systemic sclerosis
  • Autonomic neuropathy
  • Esophageal achalasia
  • Hiatus hernia
  • Pharyngeal pouch
  • Another paradoxical cause of GERD-like symptoms is not enough stomach acid (hypochlorhydria). The valve that empties the stomach into the intestines is triggered by acidity. If there is not enough acid, this valve does not open and the stomach contents are churned up into the esophagus. However, there is still enough acidity to irritate the esophagus.
  • Hiatus hernia, which increases the likelihood of GERD due to mechanical and motility factors[1]
  • Obesity: increasing body mass index is associated with more severe GERD[2]
  • Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, which can be present with increased gastric acidity due to gastrin production
  • Hypercalcemia, which can increase gastrin production, leading to increased acidity
  • Scleroderma and systemic sclerosis, which can feature esophageal dysmotility

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Apremilast, febuxostat, ibuprofen lysine, naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium, pirfenidone, pramipexole, ritonavir,
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

References

  1. Piesman M, Hwang I, Maydonovitch C, Wong RK (2007). "Nocturnal reflux episodes following the administration of a standardized meal. Does timing matter?". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102 (10): 2128–2134. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01348.x. PMID 17573791.
  2. Ayazi S, Crookes P, Peyre C, (2007). "Objective documentation of the link between gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102 (S): 138–139.

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