Sandbox ID Central Nervous System

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Meningitis, bacteria

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (adult)
  • Penicillin MIC
  • <0.1 μg/mL
  • 0.1–1.0 μg/mL
  • ≥2.0 μg/mL
  • Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone MIC ≥1.0 μg/mL
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (pediatric)
  • Penicillin MIC
  • <0.1 μg/mL
  • Preferred regimen: Penicillin G 0.15 mU/kg tid/bid for 0-7 days neonates; 0.2 mU/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 0.3 mU/kg 4-6 times per day for children OR ampicillin 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Ceftriaxone 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children OR cefotaxime 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children OR chloramphenicol 25 mg/kg OD for 0-7 days neonates; 50 mg/kg bid/OD for 8-28 days neonates; 75–100 mg/kg qid for children
  • 0.1–1.0 μg/mL
  • Preferred regimen: Ceftriaxone 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children OR cefotaxime 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Cefepime 150 mg/kg tid for children OR meropenem 120 mg/kg tid for children
  • ≥2.0 μg/mL
  • Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children AND Ceftriaxone 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children OR Vancomycin 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children AND cefotaxime 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Gatifloxacin 400 mg OD OR moxifloxacin 400 mg OD
  • Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone MIC ≥1.0 μg/mL
  • Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children AND Ceftriaxone 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children OR Vancomycin 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children AND cefotaxime 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Gatifloxacin 400 mg OD OR moxifloxacin 400 mg OD
  • Neisseria meningitidis (adult)
  • Penicillin MIC
  • <0.1 μg/mL
  • 0.1–1.0 μg/mL
  • Neisseria meningitidis (pediatric)
  • Penicillin MIC
  • <0.1 μg/mL
  • Preferred regimen: Penicillin G 0.15 mU/kg tid/bid for 0-7 days neonates; 0.2 mU/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 0.3 mU/kg 4-6 times per day for children OR ampicillin 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Ceftriaxone 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children OR cefotaxime 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
  • 0.1–1.0 μg/mL
  • Preferred regimen: Ceftriaxone 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children OR cefotaxime 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: chloramphenicol 25 mg/kg OD for 0-7 days neonates; 50 mg/kg bid/OD for 8-28 days neonates; 75–100 mg/kg qid for children OR Gatifloxacin 400 mg OD OR moxifloxacin 400 mg OD OR meropenem 120 mg/kg tid for children
  • Listeria monocytogenes (adult)
  • Listeria monocytogenes (pediatric)
  • Preferred regimen: Penicillin G 0.15 mU/kg tid/bid for 0-7 days neonates; 0.2 mU/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 0.3 mU/kg 4-6 times per day for children OR ampicillin 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole10–20 mg/kg bid-qid for children {{or]} meropenem 120 mg/kg tid for children
  • Streptococcus agalactiae (adult)
  • Streptococcus agalactiae (pediatric)
  • Preferred regimen: Penicillin G 0.15 mU/kg tid/bid for 0-7 days neonates; 0.2 mU/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 0.3 mU/kg 4-6 times per day for children OR ampicillin 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Ceftriaxone 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children OR cefotaxime 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
  • Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae (adult)
  • Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae (pediatric)
  • Preferred regimen: Ceftriaxone 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children OR cefotaxime 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Gatifloxacin 400 mg OD OR moxifloxacin 400 mg OD OR meropenem 120 mg/kg tid for children OR Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole10–20 mg/kg bid-qid for children OR ampicillin 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (adult)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pediatric)
  • Preferred regimen: Cefepime 150 mg/kg tid for children OR ceftazidime 100–150 mg/kg tid/bid for 0-7 days neonates; 150 mg/kg tid for 8-28 days neonates; 150 mg/kg tid for children
  • Alternative regimen: meropenem 120 mg/kg tid for children
  • Haemophilus influenzae (adult)
  • β-Lactamase negative
  • β-Lactamase positive
  • Haemophilus influenzae (pediatric)
  • β-Lactamase negative
  • Preferred regimen:ampicillin 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Ceftriaxone 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children OR cefotaxime 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children OR Cefepime 150 mg/kg tid for children OR chloramphenicol 25 mg/kg OD for 0-7 days neonates; 50 mg/kg bid/OD for 8-28 days neonates; 75–100 mg/kg qid for children OR Gatifloxacin 400 mg OD OR moxifloxacin 400 mg OD
  • β-Lactamase positive
  • Preferred regimen: Ceftriaxone 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children OR cefotaxime 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Cefepime 150 mg/kg tid for children OR chloramphenicol 25 mg/kg OD for 0-7 days neonates; 50 mg/kg bid/OD for 8-28 days neonates; 75–100 mg/kg qid for children OR Gatifloxacin 400 mg OD OR moxifloxacin 400 mg OD
  • Staphylococcus aureus (adult)
  • Methicillin susceptible
  • Methicillin resistant
  • Staphylococcus aureus (pediatric)
  • Methicillin susceptible
  • Preferred regimen: Nafcillin 75 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 100–150 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 200 mg/kg qid for children OR oxacillin 75 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 200 mg/kg qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Vancomycin 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children OR meropenem 120 mg/kg tid for children
  • Methicillin resistant
  • Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 10–20 mg/kg bid-qid for children OR linezolid
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis (adult)
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis (pediatric)
  • Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children
  • Alternative regimen: Linezolid
  • Enterococcus species (adult)
  • Ampicillin susceptible
  • Ampicillin resistant
  • Ampicillin and vancomycin resistant
  • Enterococcus species (pediatric)
  • Ampicillin susceptible
  • Preferred regimen: ampicillin 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children AND gentamicin 5 mg/kg bid for 0-7 days neonates; 7.5 mg/kg tid for 8-28 days neonates; 7.5 mg/kg tid for children
  • Ampicillin resistant
  • Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children AND gentamicin 5 mg/kg bid for 0-7 days neonates; 7.5 mg/kg tid for 8-28 days neonates; 7.5 mg/kg tid for children
  • Ampicillin and vancomycin resistant

Meningitis, MRSA

  • Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 15–20 mg/kg/dose IV every 8–12 h for 2 weeks
  • Alternative regimen: linezolid 600 mg PO/IV bid OR TMP-SMX 5 mg/kg/dose IV every 8–12 h
  • Pediatric regimen: Vancomycin 15 mg/kg/dose IV every 6 h OR linezolid 10 mg/kg/dose PO/IV every 8 h

NOTE: Some experts recommend the addition of rifampin 600 mg QD or 300–450 mg BID to vancomycin for adult patients. For children >12 years of age, linezolid 600 mg BID


References