Bronchiectasis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
Bronchiectasis affects extremes of age in certain indigenous populations with a slight female dominance. It is difficult to estimate the prevalence because it is often misdiagnosed. In developed countries, it is important to diagnose the underlying cause. The age of onset is adulthood. In developing countries, infection in childhood is a common cause.
Incidence
- 34.5/100,000 individuals have bronchiectasis in the United States
- Average annual bronchiectasis-associated hospitalization rate is up to 16.5/100,000 in the United States[1]
- Bronchiectasis often goes unrecognized or is misdiagnosed as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), leading to an underestimated prevalence.[1]
Age
- Bronchiectasis predominantly affect extremes of age[1]
- 4.2/100,000 adults aged 18-34 years to 271.8/100,000 older than 75 years in the United States[1]
Gender
- Predominantly women
- The women that are infected with primary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) tend to be slender, caucasian, and older than 60 years. It is given the name of Lady Windermere syndrome which is named after a character in a novel by Oscar Wilde.
- Annual increase of about 2.4% in men and 3.0% in women for bronchiectasis-associated hospitalizations[1]
Race
- There is no known association of bronchiectasis and a particular race
- Very high prevalence in certain indigenous populations such as Alaskan natives with 10-20/1000 children affected[1]
Developed Countries
- Before antibiotics, the symptoms on bronchiectasis began in the patient's first decade of life. In developed countries, the age of onset has move to adulthood (except those with cysts fibrosis).[2]
- It is important to understand the underlying cause before initiating treatment[2]
Developing Countries
- Infections are an important cause of bronchiectasis because it is not diagnosed or treated properly in developing countries,[3]
- Bronchiectasis is a large concern for Pediatricians because children are largely affected[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 McDonnell MJ, Ward C, Lordan JL, Rutherford RM (2013). "Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis". QJM. 106 (8): 709–15. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hct109. PMID 23728208.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bilton, Diana (2008). "Update on non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 14 (6): 595–599. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e328312ed8c. ISSN 1070-5287.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Karadag, B.; Karakoc, F.; Ersu, R.; Kut, A.; Bakac, S.; Dagli, E. (2005). "Non-Cystic-Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in Children: A Persisting Problem in Developing Countries". Respiration. 72 (3): 233–238. doi:10.1159/000085362. ISSN 1423-0356.