Campylobacteriosis pathophysiology
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Campylobacteriosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Campylobacteriosis pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Campylobacteriosis pathophysiology |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Campylobacteriosis pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Campylobacter organisms are curved or spiral, motile, non–spore-forming, gram-negative rods. The known routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person sexual contact, raw milk and poultry ingestion, and waterborne (ie, through contaminated water supplies). Exposure to sick pets, especially puppies, has also been associated with outbreaks.
Pathophysiology
- Campylobacter organisms are curved or spiral, motile, non–spore-forming, gram-negative rods.
- C jejuni appears to invade and destroy epithelial cells. Some strains of C jejuni produce a cholera-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed in infections.
- The organism produces diffuse, bloody, edematous, and exudative enteritis. In a small number of cases, the infection may be associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura through a poorly understood mechanism.
- In patients with HIV, infections may be more frequent, may cause prolonged or recurrent diarrhea, and may be more commonly associated with bacteremia and antibiotic resistance. T
- The severity and persistence of infection in patients with AIDS and hypogammaglobulinemia indicates that both cell-mediated and humoral immunity are important in preventing and terminating infection.